HOLLAND HOUSE 



4030 



HOLL1NGSHEAD 



student of jurisprudence. In 1874 

 he was appointed Vinerian reader 

 in English law at Oxford ; in the 

 same year he became professor of 

 international law and diplomacy. 

 He held the post until 1910. 

 Knighted in 1917, he was a fellow 

 of the British Academy. Holland's 

 great work is The Elements of Juris- 

 prudence, which appeared in 1880. 

 He also wrote Studies in Inter- 

 national Law, 1898, and The Laws 

 of War on Land, 1908. 



Holland House. Historic Lon- 

 don mansion. It stands in its own 

 grounds, Holland Park, between 

 Kensington Road and Uxbridge 

 Road, in the parish of Kensington 

 (q.v.). It is a notable example of 

 Jacobean architecture, and, when 

 Macaulay wrote his essay on 

 Addison, 1843, could " boast of a 

 greater number of inmates dis- 

 tinguished in political and literary 

 history than any other private 

 dwelling in England." The centre 

 building and turrets, 1607, were 

 built by John Thorpe for Sir 

 Walter Cope. The house, formerly 

 known as Cope Castle, was ex- 

 tended for the 1st earl of Holland, 

 husband of Cope's daughter. 



Here, in 1719, died Joseph 

 Addison, three years after his 

 marriage to the widow of the 3rd 

 earl of Warwick and Holland. The 

 house was bought by Henry Fox, 

 who was created Baron Holland 

 in 1763, and on the death of Lady 

 Holland, widow of the 4th baron, 

 in 1889, the property passed by 

 purchase to the earl of Ilchester, 

 a descendant of Henry Fox's 

 brother. In the time of the 3rd 

 Baron Holland and his brilliant 

 if imperious wife, Holland House 

 became a social and political salon 

 and the headquarters of the Whigs. 



A statue of the 3rd Baron Hol- 

 land, by G. F. Watts, is in the 

 grounds facing Kensington Road. 

 The house contains many valuable 

 pictures and historical relics. In 

 Holland Park in 1804 Lord Camel- 

 ford was mortally wounded in a 

 duel with Col. Best. See Holland 

 House, Princess Lichtenstein, 1874 ; 

 Macaulay 's Essay on Lord Holland, 

 1841 ; The Holland House Circle, 

 Lloyd C. Sanders, 1908. 



Holland House, London. The Jacobean mansion seen 

 from the garden 



Holland Park. District between 

 Netting Hill and Kensington, Lon- 

 don, W. With a number of the 

 adjacent thoroughfares and the 

 station of the C.L.R., it takes 

 its name from the park contain- 

 ing Holland House. At No. 12 

 (N. side), Holland Park Road, just 

 N. of Kensington Road, is Leighton 

 House, long the residence of Lord 

 Leighton ; it was presented to the 

 nation by his sisters. 



Hollands. Variety of gin some- 

 times called Schiedam or Schnapps. 

 It is manufactured near Schiedam 

 in Holland, from barley, malt, and 

 rye. See Gin. 



Hollands ch Diep. Arm of the 

 Meuse estuary, Holland. It runs 

 between the coast of the Land van 

 Strijen and the N. Brabant coast 

 to the E. of Willemstad. It is in 

 effect a continuation of the Haring- 

 vliet and Kramer- Volkerak arms, 

 and runs up towards the delta of 

 the Biesbosch (q.v.). Its entrance 

 is defended by two shore forts. 



Hollar, WENCESLAUS (1607-77). 

 Bohemian engraver. Born at 

 Prague, July 13, 1607, he studied 

 under Matthew 

 Merian. After 

 spending some 

 time at Frank - 

 fort, Cologne, 

 and Antwerp, 

 he came under 

 the notice of 

 the earl of 

 Arundel, Eng- 

 lish ambassa- Wenceslaus Hollar, 

 dor to Ger- Bohemian engraver 

 many. Brought From a P rint 

 to England by his patron, he was 

 appointed drawing-master to the 

 prince of Wales (afterwards Charles 

 II ) ; and at the outbreak of the 

 Rebellion fought for the royalists. 

 He afterwards escaped to Antwerp, 

 but returned in 1652, and in 1660 

 was made draughtsman to the king. 

 After the Great Fire of 1666 he 

 engraved a map of London, leaving 

 the burnt portions blank. Loss of 

 employment, and his own extrava- 

 gance, made him poor, and he 

 died a bankrupt, March 28, 1677. 

 His views of towns, by which he 

 is chiefly known, include those of 

 Oxford, Cambridge, Hull, Rich- 

 mond, Greenwich, 

 j old and new Lon- 

 ^ j don, and a number 

 ,ALjilta0Rl f German towns. 

 See Becket, T. ; 

 Geddes, J. 



HoUebeke. Vil- 

 lage of Belgium, 

 in the prov. of 

 W. Flanders. It 

 stands 4 m. S.E. 

 of Ypres. It was 

 prominent in the 

 fighting in the 





1st Baron Holies, 

 English politician 



Ypres salient during the Great War. 

 Fighting took place here in Oct.- 

 Nov., 1914, where the 2nd and 3rd 

 cavalry divisions were holding the 

 line. It passed into the possession 

 of the Germans, and was taken by 

 the British 41st division, July 31, 

 1917. See Ypres, Battles of. 



Holies, DENZIL HOLLES, IST 

 BARON (1599-1680). English poli- 

 tician. A younger son of John 

 Holies, 1st earl 

 of Clare, he was 

 born Oct. 31, 

 1599, and edu- 

 cated at court 

 with Prince 

 Charles, after- 

 wardsCharlesI. 

 In 1624 he 

 entered the 

 House of Com- 

 mons as M. P. 

 for St. Michael, and in March, 1629, 

 being then M.P. for Dorchester, he 

 was one of those who held the 

 Speaker down in the chair while he 

 asked members to approve of the 

 resolutions of protest to the king. 

 For this he was imprisoned and 

 fined, but shortly afterwards he 

 made his escape abroad. After an 

 absence of some years, he took part 

 in opposing the collection of ship 

 money, and was a member of Par- 

 liament when it was called together 

 again in 1640. Holies had a hand 

 in most of the great events that 

 preceded the outbreak of war. He 

 was one of the Five Members (q.v.) 

 and also a member of the com- 

 mittee of safety. 



When war began Holies raised a 

 regiment and fought at Edgehill 

 and Brentford, but he was not very 

 desirous of pressing the appeal to 

 arms. He is next found as the 

 chief opponent of Cromwell and 

 the army, for which he was im- 

 peached. He sat in Parliament 

 in 1659, and went to The Hague 

 to invite the king to return. In 

 1661 he was made a peer. From 

 1663 to 1666 he was ambassador 

 in Paris; in 1667 he arranged 

 with Holland the treaty of Breda. 

 Later he took up an attitude of 

 opposition to Charles, acting with 

 Shaftesbury. He died Feb. 17, 

 1680. The title became extinct 

 when his grandson, the 3rd baron, 

 died in 1694, and the family is 

 now represented by the duke of 

 Newcastle (q.v.). 



Hollingshead, JOHN (1827- 

 1904). British journalist and 

 theatrical manager. Born in Hox- 

 ton, London, Sept. 9, 1827, he had 

 a brief experience of business and 

 then began to contribute to the 

 magazines, notably Household 

 Words. He was a voluminous 

 writer for many years, and assisted 

 many public movements with his 



