MICHIGAN 



MICROCOSMIC SALT 



linn <>f Si. TII Brothers of 

 . I'u:.. md I:. L'min. as a 

 .i:in In- entered tin- liiisineoa 

 \\hirh he siilise ( |iientlv develop.! 

 Inheriting about 2,000,000 from 

 his father, he increased this for- 

 tune, ami in I'.Ml severed his con 

 with St.Tii l'>ri)t hers uii'l 

 started the >ep-irat<- banking biisi- 

 nesa of Herbert Stem A. Co. lie 

 \\as interested 111 racing ami art. 

 ami was a liberal philanthropist. 

 He presented I<> the nation the 

 t|ii:idii^a which surmounts the 

 an-li on Constitution Hill, London, 

 and helped tu purchase famous 

 pictuies for the National Callery. 

 1 >uriiiL'tht-( Jn-at \Varheestablisln d 

 con\ all-scent homes and hospitals, 

 including that of the Hotel Astoria 

 in Paris. Created a baron in 1905, 

 he died Jan. 7, 1919, and was suc- 

 ceeded in the peerage by his eider 

 son Hermann Alfred Stern (b. 

 1899). 



Michigan. Lake of the U.S.A. 

 The second laniost of the five great 

 lakes of North America. Entirely 

 within the U.S.A., it is 320 m. long, 

 has a mean breadth of 65 m., and 

 covers an area of 22,400 sq. m. It 

 lies 581 ft. above sea level, and its 

 greatest depth is 860 ft. The lake, 

 which has few large indentations 

 apart from Green Bay and Grand 

 Traverse Bay, has low. sandy 

 shores, and navigation is rendered 

 dangerous by heavy winds and the 

 absence of good harbours. Com- 

 munication with I,ake Huron is 

 provided by the Strait of Mackinac 

 and with the Mississippi river by 

 the Chicago Drainage Canal. The 

 only islands are a group in the N., 

 the largest of them being Manitou 

 50 m. long, and the chief streams 

 entering the lake are the Manistee, 

 Muskegon, Menominee, and Fox. 

 The trout, salmon, and other fish- 

 eries are important. Chicago, Mil- 

 waukee, Manistee, and Sheboygan 

 arc among the cities on the shores 

 of the lake. 



Michigan. Northern state of 

 the U.S.A., known as the Peninsula 

 State, from its division by Lake 

 Michigan into two peninsulas. The 

 N. peninsula is traversed by low 

 mountains, and is rich in minerals ; 

 the S. peninsula is hilly in the N. 

 with a prairie expanse towards the 

 S. Thousands of small lakes break 

 the surface, while the Muskegon, 

 Grand, Kalamazoo, and many 

 other rivers supply much water- 

 power for the various industries, 

 but are often unnavigable. Maize, 

 wheat, potatoes, hav, and sugar- 

 beets are extensively cultivated, 

 and iron and copper mined. 



The iron ore is chiefly a rich red 

 and brown haematite mostly ob- 

 tained from the Marquette range 

 in the N. peninsula, and the copper 



is ehi.-llv drawn from 

 Peninsula on Lake Sii| 

 -il\- '., -salt, coal, Portland cement. 

 building-stones, and glass Hand are 

 also worked. The busiest rnanu- 

 faetunii'_' industrifM) are connected 

 with luinlier and timber product*, 

 cereals, meial.s, machinery, and 

 motor cars and u.i^ons. Tin- 

 state university, at Ann Arbor, the 

 State Agricultural College, at 

 I. m-inu, and the College of Mines 

 at Houghton, are among numerous 

 educational institutions. Besides 

 9,000 m. of steam and 980 m. of 

 electric railroad, the St. Mary's 

 Falls Ship Canal ("Soo" cand) 

 is available for transport. Michi'_' > n 

 was admitted to the Union in 1H37. 

 Two senators and 13 representa- 

 tives are returned to Congress. 

 Lansing 13 the capital, and Detroit 

 the chief city. Area 57,980 sq. m. 

 Pop. 3,668,400. 



Michigan City. City of Indiana, 

 U.S.A., in Laporte co. It is on 

 Lake Michigan, 55 m. by rly. 

 E.S.E. of Chicago, and is served by 

 the Lake Erie and Western and 

 other rlys., and by lake steamers. 

 The seat of a protestant Episcopal 

 bishop, it contains the Northern 

 Indiana State Prison. An extensive 

 trade is carried on in lumber, iron 

 ore, and salt, and chairs, knitted 

 goods, and rly. cars are manu- 

 factured. Michigan city was or- 

 ganized in 1832, incorporated in 

 1837, and chartered as a city in 

 1867. Pop. 19,500. 



Michoacan. Maritime state of 

 Mexico. Bordered S. by the Pacific, 

 and covering an area of 22,621 sq. 

 m., it is generally mountainous, the 

 N. portion belonging to a great 

 plateau, and the S. portion, which 

 slopes away to the sea and the 

 Mescala or Balsas river, consisting 

 of a series of wooded nit. chains 

 and productive valleys. It is 

 watered by the rivers Lerma and 

 Balsas and several smaller streams 

 and contains a number of large 

 lakes, the principal being the 

 Cuitzeo and Patzcuaro, and part of 

 Chalapa. Cereals, sugar, coffee, 

 and tobacco are. cultivated, and 

 gold, silver, lead, iron, and coal are 

 mined. Railways are undeveloped, 

 and serve only the N. districts. 

 The capital is Morelia. Pop. 

 1,003,500. 



Mickiewicz, ADAM (1798-1855). 

 Polish poet. Born near Novogro- 

 dek, Lithuania, Dec. 24, 1798. and 

 educated at the university of Vilna, 

 he was arrested in 1824 as a politi- 

 cal suspect, and banished to the 

 interior of Russia. He formed a 

 friendship with Pushkin, and wrote 

 a series of beautiful sonnets on 

 the Crimea, which he visited in 

 1825. He composed several epics, 

 Dziadv. 1823-27 on the popular 



in honour of ancefttors, 

 , 1827, niul K on nil 



b(K h of which cele- 

 - hrato the na- 

 tional str*J!.'(!li- 

 of the Lilh'.a i 

 iann against ' h- 

 Ten t o 

 Knight*. Per- 

 miit.-d in 1829 

 i '.i ravel abroad, 

 Mickiewicz. 

 after m< 

 Goethe at \\'.-i 

 mar, went to 

 Rome, where he wrote the epic- 

 Pan Tadeusz, his finest work, pub 

 lished in is:{ (rung, trans. 1886). 

 The scene is laid in Lithuania on 

 the eve of Napoleon's Russian 

 campaign, and the country and 

 its inhabitants are described with 

 knowledge and insight. 



After further wanderings, Mick- 

 iewicz settled in Paris as professor 

 of Slavonic literatures at the Col- 

 lege de France, 1840-44, but was 

 dismissed for political propaganda 

 in his lectures In 1848 he helped 

 to organize the Polish legion in 

 Italy. Sent by Napoleon III to 

 Constantinople to form 1'olish 

 regiments for the Crimean War, he 

 died in that city, Nov. 26, 1855. 

 See Works, 8 vols., 1858; Life, 

 by M. M. Gardner, 1911. Pron. 

 Misk-yevitch. 



Micmacs (allies). North Amer- 

 ican Indian tribe of Algonquian 

 stock. Inhabiting, at the discovery 

 of America, Nova Scotia and ad- 

 jacent regions, three of them were 

 taken to England by Sebastian 

 Cabot in 1497. They were the 

 most primitive, because the most 

 isolated of the eastern Algonquins 

 (q.v. ). They numbered in 1916, 

 3,590, with a remnant in New- 

 foundland. 



Microcosm (Gk. mikros. small ; 

 kosmos, world). Term applied by 

 the mystics of the 17th century to 

 man as the world in little, the 

 spiritual mirror of the macrocosm, 

 the great world or universe. The 

 movements of the life of the micro- 

 cosm were supposed to correspond 

 exactly with the movements of the 

 life of the macrocosm. Microcosm 

 is the title of a philosophical work 

 by Lotze (q.v.). See Universe. 



Microcosmic Salt. Hydrogen 

 ammonium sodium phosphate, NH, 

 N a HP0 4 , 4 H 2 O. Its composition 

 was investigated by Marggraf, and 

 subsequently by Proust. It was 

 made originally from urine, but is 

 now prepared by mixing hot strong 

 solutions of ammonium chloride 

 and sodium phosphate. It is a crys- 

 talline body which melts to form a 

 glassy mass of sodium mctaphos- 

 phate, and is largely used in blowpipe 

 work for dissolving metallic oxides. 



