MILAN OBRENOVICH 



54O6 



Massimiliano, was restored in 1512, 

 only to band the duchy back to 

 the French three years later. 



The victory of the emperor 

 Charles V at Bicocca ousted the 

 French from Milan and Lodovico's 

 son, Francesco, was reinstated. 

 He was the last of the Sforzas, and 

 on his death, in 1535, the duchy 

 was given by Charles V to Philip, 

 afterwards Philip II of Spain. 

 The duchy of Milan then became 

 an appanage of the Spanish crown. 

 In 1714, however, at the peace, it 

 was handed over to Austria, and 

 Austrian it remained until the in- 

 vasion of Napoleon in 1796. The 

 Cisalpine Republic of 1797, fol- 

 lowed by the kingdom of Italy, 

 1805-14, centred round Milan, 

 but after Napoleon's fall it re- 

 verted to Austria. In 1859 it 

 passed to Italy. 



Milan Obrenovich ( 1854-1901 ) 

 King of Serbia. Born at Jassy. 

 Aug. 22, 1854, grand-nephew of 



in imumt mill in m Milosh Obre- 



novich (q.v.}, 

 Le was adopted 

 on the death 

 of his parents 

 by his cousin, 

 Michael Obre- 

 novich, who 

 became prince 

 of Serbia in 

 1860. Upon 

 the assassina- 

 tion of Michael eight years later, 

 Milan succeeded to the throne 

 under a regency ; being declared of 

 age in 1872. In 1882 he made his 

 principality an independent king- 

 dom. His adherence to Austria 

 lost him the affection of his sub- 

 jects, and in 1889 he abdicated in 

 favour of his son Alexander and 

 settled in Paris, where he remained 

 until 1894. In that year he returned 

 to Serbia, where, although making 

 no attempt to regain the throne, his 

 position of adviser to Alexander 

 was almost equivalent to that of 

 dictator. He was given command 

 of the army hi 1898 and put the 

 service on a sound footing. Milan's 

 quarrel with Alexander over the 

 latter's marriage, 1900, led to his 

 resignation. He was banished from 

 Serbia and retired to Vienna, where 

 he died Feb. 11, 1901. See Serbia. 

 Milazzo. Seaport of Sicily, in 

 the prov. of Messina. The ancient 

 Mylae, it stands on the N. E. coast, 

 22 m. by rly. VV. of Messina. It has 

 a commodious harbour, and its chief 

 exports are tunny, sulphur, oil, 

 wine, fruit, and cattle. The castle, 

 built by Charles V and restored in 

 the 17th 'century, is now a prison. 

 In the vicinity are sulphur springs. 

 Mylae was an outpost of Zancle in 

 the 7th cent. B.C., and in its bay 

 the Romans won then: first nava! 



Milan Obrenovich, 

 Bang of Serbia 



victory over the Carthaginians hi 

 260 B.C. Here Garibaldi defeated 

 the Neapolitans on July 20, 1860 

 Pop. 16,000. See Messina. 



Mildenhall. Market town ot 

 Suffolk. It stands on the Lark, 

 12 m. from Bury St. Edmunds and 

 76 m from London, with a station 

 on the G.E. Rly. The chief building 

 is S. Andrew's Church, mainly Per- 

 pendicular, a noble erection famous 

 especially for its tower, chancel, 

 and roof. There is a market cross 

 of the 15th, and a manor house of 

 the 17th, century. It is an agricul- 

 tural centre, milling being an in- 

 dustry. Roman remains have been 

 found near by. The manor be- 

 longed to the monks of Bury 

 Market day, Fri. Pop. 3,650. 



Mildew. Popular term of such 

 loose application that it has little 

 descriptive value, including as it 

 does such diverse fungi as moulds, 

 rusts, cluster-cups, and powdery 

 mildews. Properly used, it should 

 be restricted to the last named, the 

 external blights of the order 

 Erysiphae^ whose mycelial threads 

 form a cobweb-like patch on the 

 surface of leaves and shoots, whilst 

 their suckers attack the super- 

 ficial cells. Well-known examples 

 that may be cited are the vine 

 blight (Erysiphe spiralis) at a 

 stage formerly known as Oidium 

 tuckeri, pea mildew (E. polygoni), 

 nop mildew (Podwphaera casiagnei), 

 and rose mildew (P. pannosa). The 

 last named, from its frequent occur- 

 rence on garden roses, will be most 

 familiar. 



The mealy appearance ot the 

 white patches on the leaves and 

 stems of the rose is due to the 

 presence of multitudes of micro- 

 scopic summer spores (ronidia), 

 which are dispersed by the wind, 

 insects, etc., and infect other roses. 

 In the autumn the same patches 

 will be found to be studded by 

 larger black dots (sporocarps), 

 which remain until the spring, 

 when the integument breaks up 

 and releases the contained spores, 

 which oti dispersal by the wind 

 infect the new shoots and unfold- 

 ing leaves. The abstraction of 

 nutriment from the leaf-cells pro- 

 duces starvation and withering of 

 the plant. Flowers of sulphur 

 dusted on the patches, or the same 

 boiled in water with an equal 

 weight of quicklime and the clear 

 liquor sprayed, stops the attack. 

 See Fungus; Phycornycetes ; Rust; 

 Spore. 



Mild Steel. Name given to a 

 variety of steel usually not con- 

 taining more than about 0*5 p.c. 

 oi carbon. See Steel. 



Mildura, Centre of the irriga- 

 tion scheme on the Murray river. 

 In the N.W. of Victoria, Australia, 



351 m. from Melbourne, the state 

 spent 3,000,000 on the scheme, 

 dealing with 150,000 acres. Mildura 

 has fruit packing and preserving, 

 and olive oil factories. Pop. 7,600 



Mile. Measure of distance. As 

 first used by the Romans it was 

 approximately 1,614 yards. The 

 British statute mile is 1,760 yards, 

 and was legalised in 1593. The 

 length varies considerably in differ- 

 ent countries. The old Scottish 

 mile was 1,984 yards ; the Irish 

 2,240 yards ; the old London mile 

 1,666 yards, ete. The old English 

 mile consisted of ten furlongs 

 instead of eight, and a mile, equal- 

 ling a little over 1 present-day 

 miles, was extensively used in the 

 N. of England and in Wales till 

 the 16th century. The geographi- 

 cal mile, or nautical mile, is 2,026f 

 yards. See Weights and Measures. 



Mile End. District of E. 

 London. Once a hamlet of Stepney 

 parish, it now forms the central 

 and N.E. parts of Stepney bor. 

 Through it runs the Mile End 

 Road, probably the broadest 

 thoroughfare in London, connect- 

 ing Whitechapel Road and Bow 

 Road. Part of the district between 

 Commercial Road East and Mile 

 End Road is known as Mile End 

 Old Town. Notable buildings 

 include Trinity Hospital, 1695, 

 almshouses for master mariners 

 and mates and their wives or 

 widows ; the Vintners' almshouses, 

 1676, rebuilt 1802 ; the People's 

 Palace, opened 1887, and East 

 London College, a school of the 

 University of London ; the Para- 

 gon Theatre, the Great Assembly 

 Hall, associated with the work of 

 F. N. Charrington ; the Old Town 

 Workhouse, and S. Benet's Church, 

 In the Jews' Burial Ground, closed 

 1858, are the graves of Lord 

 Beaconsfield's grandfather, Ben- 

 jamin Disraeli, and Baron Nathan 

 Rothschild. Captain Cook, the 

 navigator, lived in the Mile End 

 Road. At Mile End Green, now 

 Stepney Green, Wat Tyler assem- 

 bled his followers for the attack on 

 London. Mile End is said to have 

 been named from the fact that it 

 begins a mile from the old city 

 wall at Aldgate. See Stepney. 



Miles, EUSTACE HAMILTON 

 (b. 1868). British athlete and 

 food reformer. Born at Hampstead, 

 Sept. 22, 1868, 

 he was edu- 

 cated at Mari- 

 borough and 

 King's College, 

 Cambridge. In 

 America in 

 1900 he won 

 the amateur 

 championships ustace 

 at tennis, British athlete 



