MILLER 



341 3 



MILLERAND 



In 1830 ft bttor published in Kdm 

 '..ii the Auchterarder case 



< luiivh uf Si-..tlanil) 

 t linn int. i prominence with 

 ical party in Scotland, 

 I .pointed lain editor of the 

 journal they established to advo- 

 cate tln-ir |i..liry. Known as The 

 -*, it was rirst issued on Jan. 

 i", :md appeared bi-weekly. 

 Mill. -r was the editor, and later also 

 its owner until his death. Owing 

 t<> temporary insanity, due to over- 

 work, he shot himself! Deo. 23, 1850. 

 In addition to being one of the 

 ized leaders of the Free 

 Chinvh of Scotland, founded 1843, 

 Miller was widely known as an ad- 

 - of education, franchise, and 

 other reforms. But his reputation 

 rests on his popular works on geo- 

 The Old Red Sandstone, 

 1 s i 1 . first appeared in The Witness. 

 Then raine Footprints of the 

 : IS47; Thoughts on the 

 Kducati on Question (reprinted 

 from The Witness), 1850; My 

 Schools and Schoolmasters, 1852 ; 

 and others. See Life and Letters, 

 1'. Hayne, 1871 ; Hugh Miller, W. 

 Keith" Leask, 1896. 



Miller, JOAQCIN (1841-1913). 

 American poet, whose real name 

 was Cincinnatus Heine Miller. 

 Born in Indi- 

 ana, Nov. 10, 

 1841, he was 

 for some time 

 a gold - miner 

 i n California 

 and served as 

 a volunteer in 

 Walker's Ni- 

 caragua expe- 

 Joaquin Miller, dition. He 

 American poet lived for five 

 years among the Pacific Coast In- 

 dians, and in 1863 became a prac- 

 tising barrister, and in 1870 a 

 I'ounty court judge in Oregon. 

 Later he did a good deal of work as 

 a journalist. He died Feb. 17, 1913. 

 He is best known by his Songs of 

 the Sierras. 1871, and by his melo- 

 drama of Mormonism, The Danites, 

 1880. 



Miller, JOSEPH OR JOE (1684- 

 1738). English comedian. An en- 

 tirely illiterate man, who is said to 

 have married 

 because he 

 wanted some- 

 one at hand 

 to read his 

 parts to him, 

 he made his 

 first appear- 

 ance at Drury 

 l.ane, Nov. 



1709, as , 



Teairue in Sir English comedian 



t Howard's comedy The 

 I'ornmittee, and subsequently won 



^ as a low comedian in many 



Joe Miller, 



comedies by Steele, Congreve, Far- 

 quhar, andvanbrugh. He died Aug. 

 16, 1738. The year after his death 

 John Mottley the dramatist brought 

 .1 out a collection of jocular anec- 

 dotes, Joe Miller's Jests ; or The 

 Wit's Vade Mecurn, which he 

 unwarrantably fathered upon him. 

 Miller, PHILIP (1691-1771). 

 British botanist. Born near Green- 

 wich, he studied botany, and in 

 1722 was appointed curator of the 

 physic garden at Chelsea. He en- 

 riched the gardens by the introduc- 

 tion of new and rare plants, holding 

 his post until 1739. He died at 

 Chelsea, Dec. 18, 1771. Miller's 

 great work, The Gardener's Dic- 

 tionary, ' first appeared in 1724. 

 His other books include Catalogue 

 of Trees near London, 1730 ; The 

 Gardener's Kalendar, 1732 ; and 

 Introduction to Botany, 1760. 



Miller, WILLIAM (1796-1882). 

 Scottish engraver. Born at Edin- 

 burgh, May 28, 1796, he studied 

 engraving i n 

 London under 

 George Cooke, 

 but settled at 

 Millerfield 

 near E d i n - 

 burgh to prac- 

 tise his art. 

 The better 

 part of his 

 work con- 

 sists of en- 

 Turner, which 



Ruskin valued highly. Later in 

 his life he travelled and painted 

 in water-colours, exhibiting at the 

 R.S.A., of which he was an hono- 

 rary member. He engraved 

 Turner's work in the England and 

 Wales series, and illustrated in 

 engraving Rogers's poems and 

 Scott's works. He died at Miller- 

 field, Jan. 20, 1882. 



Millerand, ALEXANDRE (b. 

 1859). French statesman. Born 

 in Paris, Feb. 10, 1859, he studied 

 law, was admitted to the bar in 



1881, and attained immediate 

 prominence by his defence of the 

 miners of Montceau-les- Mines in 



1882. Elected deputy for Paris in 

 Dec., 1885, he quickly acquired a 

 leading position in the Radical- 

 Socialist party, and in 1887 was 

 made a member of the Budget 

 Committee. 



When the Boulangist movement 

 developed, Millerand opposed it 

 in La Voix, of which he was editor, 

 and in 1889 was re-elected deputy, 

 defeating a Boulangist candidate. 

 In the Chamber he devoted special 

 attention to social questions, fiscal 

 reforms, and the organization of 

 workmen's syndicates. He de- 

 fended the syndicates that were 

 prosecuted as illegal organizations, 

 and became parliamentary leader 



William Miller, 

 Scottish engraver 



gravings after 



Aieiandre Millerand, French statesman 



of the Socialist party and editor of 

 La Petite Republique, the party 

 organ, vacating that position in 

 1896 to become managing director 

 of La Lanterne, where Aristide 

 Briand and Ren6 Viviani were on 

 his staff. In 1896 he outlined the 

 minimum programme of the Social- 

 ist party in a sensational speech. 

 Waldeck- Rousseau chose him as 

 minister of commerce in 1899, and 

 he then initiated measures for the 

 improvement of the conditions of 

 female labour, for a weekly day of 

 rest, workpeople's pensions, the 

 extension of syndical righto, and 

 the foundation of the national 

 office for the protection of indus- 

 trial property. 



After the fall of the Waldeck- 

 Rousseau cabinet in 1902, Mille- 

 rand continued to work on the com- 

 pletion of this legislative pro- 

 gramme. In July, 1909, he was 

 appointed minister of public works, 

 an office he held until Nov., 1910, 

 organizing the State railway sys- 

 tem. Poincare appointed him 

 minister of war in Jan., 1912, and 

 when he left that office in 1913 he 

 devoted himself chiefly to military 

 questions, urging energetic pre- 

 paration against the German in- 

 vasion, which he foresaw. Directly 

 war broke out Millerand was made 

 president of the committee on 

 supplies at the ministry of war, 

 and on Aug. 25, 1914, returned to 

 the ministry of war, remaining in 

 office until the Viviani cabinet re- 

 signed in 1915. Millerand was 

 elected a member of the Academy 

 of Moral and Political Sciences in 

 1917, and on the conclusion of the 

 armistice in 1918 he was appointed 

 commissioner-general for Alsace- 

 Lorraine. 



Millerand succeeded Clemenceau 

 as premier after Deschanel's elec- 

 tion to the presidency of the re- 

 public, also undertaking the office 

 of foreign secretary, and formed 

 his cabinet on Jan. 19, 1920. He 

 was called upon to act in very 



