MILLING 



Milling. Process of grinding 

 ..lam. e8j>ecially wheat, into flour. 

 Tin- world's merchant flour-milling 

 i- n"\v carried out, except aa re- 

 gards a small fraction of the \\ In !<. 

 i.\ IIK..III itio systems based upon 

 tin- employment of chilled-iron 

 roll*. 



I In- grain is first cleaned and 

 in. pared in the screen house, 

 where numerous appliances secure 

 the separation of stones and other 

 impurities, the removal of foreign 

 seeds such as barley and cockle, 

 and the scouring, washing, and 

 i -onditioning of the grain. Sepa- 

 rate machines are required for each 

 of these processes, and on the thor- 

 oughness with which the work is 

 can i'-<l "lit depends the mialit v of 



8417 



the finished flour. In the final pro- 

 cess of conditionin'_' all moisture 

 is removed from the skin of the 

 wheat. After the cleaned grain 

 reaches the blending bins the 

 operation of milling begins. 



Rolling mills are of two kinds. 

 Break rolls extract the endosperm 

 or floury parts from the bran ; 

 reduction rolls grind the floury 

 parts by successive stages until 

 they pass through the Hour silk 

 in the final form. In the break 

 mills, each usually containing two 

 pairs of rolls in one frame, there is 

 normally a system of four grades, 

 the rolls of the first two being 

 coarsely, and of the last two finely, 

 grooved with flutings resembling 

 elongated saw-teeth. The first 



Lilling. 1. Milling separator lor removing stones and imparities from the 

 Strain. 2. Emery wheat scourer for cleansing the grain. 3. Conditioner, in 

 which the grain is dried after being washed and scoured. 4. Machines for 

 purifying ground wheat, separating the bran and fibrous matter. 5. View 



on the rolling floor of a mill, where the grain is finally reduced to flour 



By courltiy of Btnry Simon, Lid., Manchtittr 



MILLIPEDE 



break rolls receive the whole berry 

 and open it out ; the second, to 

 IIP h the half-grains are fed, free 

 the endosperm in the form of 

 semolina, or particle* between 

 18 and 40 mesh in fineness. The 

 third break, which receive* the 

 thinned half-grains,' frees the 

 endosperm in the form of mid- 

 dlings, or particles between 40 and 

 82 mesh, the still finer particles 

 being called dunst. The wheat- 

 skins enter the fourth break, 

 which scrapes off the endosperm 

 still adherent, leaving the bare 

 skin or bran. , 



Between each successive break 

 scalpers, clothed with wire mesh 

 of increasing fineness, separate 

 the break flour, semolina, mid- 

 dlings, and dmu-t from the broken 

 wheat and bran. The materials 

 sifted out, called throughs, and 

 those too coarse to pass the mesh, 

 called overtails, are collected from 

 the first three breaks, mixed, and 

 further graded. Purifiers remove 

 the branny and fibrous matter, 

 and grade the stock in definite 

 divisions suited for the operation 

 of reduction. 



Reduction is effected by rolls of 

 the same pattern as break rolls, 

 but usually much shorter, and 

 either granular although called 

 smooth or very finely fluted. The 

 reductions vary up to fourteen 

 according to the size of the mill. 

 The first two pairs flatten the germ 

 and size down or crack the semo- 

 lina and middlings respectively. 

 The third rolls receive the granular 

 matter in which the gluten is 

 chiefly contained, and further 

 reductions follow, including two 

 by scratched rolls, which free the 

 semolina from bits of adhering 

 bran. Finally dressers sift away 

 the finely reduced material and 

 pass it through silk of 94 to 15b' 

 mesh in the form of finished flour. 

 See Flour. 



Millipede. Order of arthro- 

 pods, which with the centipedes 

 form the zoological class Myriapoda 

 (many -footed). They have long 

 rounded and segmented bodies, 

 with a hard chitinous covering, 

 and usually two pairs of legs on 

 each segment. Their legs are cer- 

 tainly very numerous, but not so 

 numerous as to justify the name 

 "thousand footed." They differ 

 from the centipedes in being vege- 

 tarian, and they lack the poison 

 claws. Great Britain has several 

 species, which may be found lurking 

 under stones in the daytime and 

 rolling themselves into a coil when 

 disturbed. They do little harm to 

 crops except when they become 

 numerous, when they are best 

 checked by dressings of lime and 

 soot. See Myriapoda. 



