i. i'ii- 

 (-/..). 



MILREIS 



Mi l.ui Obrenovioh, who was al- 

 .nown aa a patriot. Milosh, 

 whose n-al iiumr was 'riiecMlonivii-h. 

 is brother's surname, and as 

 Obronovioh soon gained a 

 in tho rising against the 

 headed by Karageorge 

 In 1813 the Turkish cam 

 to re-establish order drove 

 Karageorge and his leaders to take 

 ii Au-tn:i, but Milosh re- 

 in nn.-d in Si-riii.i niadr his peace 

 \\ith tho Turks, and was appointed 

 vni\"di- of Kii'lnik. In 1815 he 

 raised his standard against the 

 Turks, drove or bought them out of 

 the country, and two years lain 

 was elected prince of Serbia, under 

 the suzerainty of Turkey. The 

 next twenty years were spent in 

 developing and establishing order 

 in the country. But in 1839 Russia, 

 who had viewed with disapproval 

 M Hush's independent spirit and 

 friendliness with Britain, fomented 

 an agitation which forced him to 

 abdicate, and he lived in retire- 

 ment until 1858, when, on the ex- 

 pulsion of Alexander Karageorge, 

 he was again given the throne. He 

 died Sept. 24. 1860. See Belgrade. 

 Milreis OR MILREAS (Port, mil- 

 reis, a thousand reis ). Obsolete Por- 

 tuguese gold coin nominally worth 

 4s. 5d. It has been superseded by 

 the escudo (q.v.). The Brazilian 

 milreis is a gold coin worth nomin- 

 ally 2s. 3d., but it is not generally 

 circulated, being replaced by the 

 silver coin of the same name which 

 fluctuates in value. 



Miltiades. Athenian soldier. A 

 son of Cimon (q.v.), he succeeded 

 his brother Stesagoras as tyrant of 

 i the Thracian 

 Chersonese. 

 When Darius I 

 of Persia made 



Miltiades, 

 Athenian soldier 



into Scythia, 

 and his return 

 was overdue, 

 Miltiades and 

 other Greeks 

 who had been 

 left behind to 

 guard the bridge over the Danube, 

 recommended that the bridge 

 should be destroyed, but their coun- 

 sel was overruled. The truth of 

 this story, related in Herodotus, has 

 been called in question. Miltiades 

 subsequently incurred the hostility 

 of Darius by his conquest of Lemnos 

 and Imbros, which were subject to 

 Persia, and when Darius deter- 

 mined upon war with Greece, Mil- 

 tiades sought refuge in Athens. 



He was chosen one of the ten 

 generals, and when, before the 

 battle of Marathon, opinions were 

 divided as to the advisability of 

 immediate attack, the bold policy 

 of Miltiades carried the day. Under 



9421 



his charge the Greeks gained their 

 memorable victory, 490 B.C. (fiee 

 Marathon.) Entrusted subsequent- 

 ly with a force of 70 ships to carry 

 on the war against the Persians, 

 Miltiades attacked the island of 

 Paros to satisfy a private feud, 

 but failed, and was wounded. In- 

 dicted for deceiving the people, 

 he was condemned to pay a fine of 50 

 talents (about 12,000), and, being 

 unable to pay, was thrown into 

 prison, where he died. Pron. Mil- 

 Milton. Urban dist. and mar- 

 ket town of Kent, in full Milton- 

 next-Sittingbourno or Milton Regis. 

 It stands on Milton creek, an open- 

 ing of the Swale, 10 m. from Chat- 

 ham, having with Sittingbourne a 

 station on the S.E. and C. Rly. 

 Paper is made here, and the place 

 is noted for its oysters. Milton 

 forms practically one town with 

 Sittingbourne. Market day, Fri. 

 Pop. 7,500. 



There are many other places of 

 this name in Great Britain. One is 

 part of Portsmouth and another 

 part of Gravesend. Milton, on 



Milreis. Obverse and reverse of obsolete 

 Portuguese gold coin ; ;; actual size 



Christchurch Bay, 6 m. from Lym- 

 ington, is a small watering-place. 

 Milton House, near Peterborough, 

 is the seat of Earl Fitzwilliam. 

 Great and Little Milton are in 

 Oxfordshire. 



Milton. Town of Massachusetts, 

 U.S.A., in Norfolk co. On the Ne- 

 ponset river, 7 m. S. of Boston, it is 

 served by the New York, New 

 Haven and Hartford Rly. A resi- 

 dential suburb of Boston, it in- 

 cludes the villages of Lower Mills, 

 Mattapan, and East Milton, and is 

 attractively situated in the Blue 

 Hills, on whose highest summit, 

 635 ft., is an observatory. There 

 are granite quarries and chocolate 

 manufactories. Settled in 1637, it 

 was incorporated as a separate 

 township in 1662. Pop. 9,400. 



Milton. Town of Pennsylvania, 

 U.S.A., in Northumberland co. On 

 the Susquehanna river, 60 m. N. of 

 Harrisburg, it is served by the 

 Philadelphia and Reading and the 

 Pennsylvania rlys., and the Penn- 

 sylvania canal. It trades in agri- 

 cultural produce and manufactures 

 boots and shoes, knitted goods, saw 

 mill products, and flour. Settled 

 about 1770, Milton was incorpor- 

 ated in 1817. Pop. 8,600. 



MILTON 



Mil ton,. JOHN (1608-74). English 

 poet and prose-writer. He wan born 

 m Bread Street, Cheapside, Lon- 

 don, Deo. 9, 1608. His father, a 

 -i nvi-ner, was Puritan in ym- 

 pathy, but a lover of literature and 

 music, and the child enjoyed all 

 the advantages of a cultivated 

 home. Educated at 8. Paul's 

 School and at Christ's College, 

 Cambridge, on leaving the univer- 

 sity he retired to his father's 

 country house at Horton, Bucking- 

 hamshire. There he spent six years, 

 1632-38, in arduous study, and 

 wrote, among other things, the 

 exquisite companion idylls, L'Al- 

 legro and II Penseroso, 1633 ; the 

 masque Comus, 1634 ; and Ly- 

 cidas, 1637, an elegy on the death of 

 his college friend, Edward King, 

 which apart from its beauty is 

 important because in it he, for the 

 first time, openly proclaimed his 

 adherence to the Puritan cause. 



In May, 1638, he set out for the 

 Continent, intending to spend at 

 least three years abroad. But at 

 Naples news reached him of civil 

 commotion at home, and thinking 

 it " base to be travelling for 

 amusement " while his " fellow- 

 citizens were fighting for liberty," 

 he abandoned his projected tour in 

 Greece and returned to England, 

 Aug., 1639, to find the country on 

 the verge of civil war. He was 

 already meditating a great epic 

 poem, but, laying this aside, he 

 devoted himself for the next 20 

 years almost entirely to politics and 

 prose. His Doctrine and Discipline 

 of Divorce appeared in 1643-45 ; 

 his Tractate on Education in 1644, 

 in the same year as his splendid 

 vindication of the liberty of the 

 press, Areopagitica. Immediately 

 after the execution of Charles I he 

 published his Tenure of Kings and 

 Magistrates, which at once estab- 

 lished his position as the most 

 eloquent apologist of the new 

 regime, and he was appointed 

 Latin secretary to the committee 

 for foreign affairs. As a publicist 

 he continued to render assistance 

 to the Government by his Eikono- 

 klastes, 1649 ; his Defensio pro 

 Populo Anglicano, 1651 ; and his 

 Defensio Secunda, 1654. 



While he was engaged on the 

 last-named work his eyes, always 

 weak, failed entirely and he be- 

 came totally blind. Meanwhile his 

 domestic life had been unfortunate. 

 In 1643 he had married Mary 

 Powell, the daughter of an Oxford- 

 shire royalist, but the union was an 

 unhappy one. His wife died in 

 1653, and in 1656 he married 

 Catherine Woodcock, who died in 

 1658. Two years later he was in- 

 volved in the disaster of the Re- 

 storation, which drove him into 



