MIMAMSA 



other rlyu. The river Milwaukee 

 tnlnitaiif'H, the Menominee 

 ami Kimiirkimiir, whi'-li inti-r-i-i-t 

 I In- riiv. are navigable by large 

 cargo and passenger ships, whili- an 

 a.lilitn'iial means of transport is 

 atl..nlfd by the Great I^kes. The 

 harliour, the liin-st on Lake Michi 

 _MII. i- prntected by breakwaters . 

 harves extend for more 

 than I'O m., and there is ample 

 use accommodation. An 

 i in | >< nt ant wholesale and distribut- 

 ing centre, Milwaukee trades 

 \ in coal, lumber, flour, grain, 

 and manufactured products. Its 

 manufactures include steel, iron, 

 and leather products, boots and 

 shoes, machine-shop products, 

 meal and packing-house products, 

 clothing, electrical machinery and 

 appliances, tobacco, beer, hosiery, 

 and knitted goods. 



Among Milwaukee's public build- 

 ings are the Federal building, 

 the city hall, the county court, 

 and records building. There are 

 many fine churches, educational 

 institutions, theatres, etc. Half the 

 population is of German origin. 

 Milwaukee, then an Indian town, 

 was visited about 1760 by Alexan- 

 der Henry. In 1838 it was incorpor- 

 ated as a village, and in 1846 was 

 chartered as a city. Pop. 457,000. 



Mimamsa (Skt., investigation). 

 Indian philosophical system of the 

 Vedas (q.v. ). Divided into the 

 Purva-Mimamsa and the Karma- 

 Mimamsa, the foundation of the 

 doctrine is attributed to the 

 teacher Jaimini. The text consists 

 of about 2,600 sutraa, or short con 

 cise axioms, arranged under vari- 

 ous heads and chapters, the whole 

 forming a criticism and interpreta- 

 tion of the Veda doctrine, and 

 touching many metaphysical and 

 moral problems. 



M.I.M.E. Abbreviation for 

 Member of the Institution of Min- 

 ing Engineers. 



Mime OR MIMUS. Old form of 

 dramatic play in vogue among the 

 Greeks and Romans. It was a far- 

 cical, and frequently coarse and in- 

 decent, representation of incidents 

 of real life, given as a popular en- 

 tertainment at particular festivals. 

 The Latin mime was described by 

 Scaliger as a poem imitating any 

 action to stir up laughter ; the 

 Greek form was in prose. 



The Greek mime originated in 

 Sicily, its inventor being Sophron 

 of Syracuse (c. 440 B.C.), who wrote 

 in the Doric dialect. The Roman 

 mimes were first put into literary 

 shape by a Roman knight, D. 

 Laberius (105-43 B.C.) He was 

 forced by Julius Caesar to appear 

 on the stage in one of his own 

 characters, thereby losing his 

 equestrian rank. 



5423 



Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. A general view of the city from the tower ol 

 the block of offices called the Pabst buildings 



M.I.Mech.E. Abbreviation for 

 Member of the Institution of Me- 

 chanical Engineers. 



Mimeograph. Device for du- 

 plicating MSS., etc. Invented by 

 Thomas Edison in 1878, it consists 

 of a finely pointed steel stylus, 

 which moves over the surface of a 

 sheet of tissue paper that has been 

 coated on one side with a film of 

 sensitive material. The paper is 

 placed on a steel plate cut in paral- 

 lel lines numbering as many as 200 

 to the inch. The stylus moves over 

 the steel plate, pressing down on 

 the paper, and punctures the latter 

 in sharp points. OThe punctured 

 paper forms a stencil, which is 

 inked, the ink being forced through 



Mimeograph. Device for duplicat- 

 ing typewritten manuscripts 



By courleiy of The Shannon. Ltd. 



the perforations upon a sheet of 

 paper underneath, and so producing 

 a copy. The mimeograph has been 

 improved and adapted for use with 

 the ordinary typewriter, the type 

 bars of the machine striking a sheet 

 of paper laid against a piece of 

 gauze and giving a similar effect to 

 the original mimeograph when 

 printed. 



Mimicry. Act of mimicking or 

 imitating. It is derived from the 

 word mime, a mimic being one 

 who imitates another. Naturalists 

 use the term mimicry to cover 

 several classes of protective color- 

 ation, found chiefly among animals. 

 The remarkable resemblance be- 

 tween stick-insects and looper cater- 

 pillars, and the twigs upon which 

 they rested, and the leaf-insects 



from the foliage upon which they 

 fed, have long been known as 

 curiosities of natural history. A few 

 examples of unrelated insects re- 

 sembling eachotherwere well known 

 also, but the likeness was regarded 

 as being purely fortuitous except by 

 teleologists, who assumed that 

 the mimicking species had been 

 specially created in that likeness 

 in order that it might impose upon 

 other creatures. The clear-wing 

 moths and bee hawk-moths ex- 

 hibited resemblances to hymenop- 

 tera or diptera sufficiently close to 

 make them feared as stinging 

 insects, and certain flies of the 

 genus Volucdla were thought to 

 resemble wasps and bees, in order 

 that they might enter the nests of 

 these insects unchallenged and lay 

 eggs there, the larvae being errone- 

 ously supposed to feed upon the 

 grubs of bees and wasps. 



When H. W. Bates was prose- 

 cuting his memorable researches in 

 the Amazons country, he met with 

 some astonishing examples of 

 mimicry, and arrived at a workable 

 theory to account for it. He found 

 butterflies of the family Heli- 

 coninae strikingly marked on the 

 wings with yellow and black 

 aposematic or warning colours. 

 Other butterflies of the family 

 Pierinae had their wings so altered 

 in colour and shape from the family 

 type that without the closest ex- 

 amination they would pass as the 

 Heliconias. 



Other species of Heliconinae were 

 mimicked by butterflies of the swal- 

 low-tail and other families ; also by 

 day-flying moths. He found that 

 the mimicked insects bad offensive 

 odours and taste, so that insec- 

 tivorous birds, monkeys, and liz- 

 ards refused them as food. They 

 have a slow and peculiar flight, and 

 make no effort to conceal them- 

 selves, as though conscious that 

 nothing will molest them. Their 

 wing markings are bold and dis- 

 tinctive, being unlike those of any 



