MINHU 



forested pl.ite.m. with an alt. of 



J.(MM) ft.. It Is tl,i\rl-'d \>V the 

 .|.. M:inti.|in-ir.i ami the 

 innlmco, and contains 

 Mt. Itatiaya. M.inLV.ncae, gold, 

 .|i im.. nds, and other precious 



,-i.al ;illl il"ll an- found, 



liMt in it cxtciiMvcly worked. 

 Tin- i-liirf industries are stock- 

 iiiul agriculture. The 

 I H incipal ])roducts are coffee, beans, 

 <-i>t t>ni, rico, 

 <, cheese, and butter. Ouro 

 I'n-to was the capital until 1897, 

 win H it was supplanted by Bello 

 IFori/onte. Area 221,951 sq. in. 

 1'i-p. -l.i'iL's.fiOO, including several 

 thousand Botocudo Indians. 



Minbu. Dist. and river port of 

 r.iirina, on the Irawadi. The dist. 

 \\ccn the Irawadi and the 

 Arakan Mts. Rice and oil seeds are 

 tin' chief crops. The port is on the 

 right bank, almost opposite Magwe 

 in the lower section of the river, 

 where there is no rly. Dist., area 

 3,302 sq. m. Pop. 264,000. Town, 

 pip. 5,500. 



Minch. Name for parts of the 

 channel E. of the Outer Hebrides, 

 Sn it laud. It consists of the Minch 

 and the Little Minch. In the N. 

 the Minch varies from 20 to 45 m. 

 in width ; the Little Minch, W. of 

 Skye, is narrower, being from 15 

 to 20 m. wide. Lake the Red Sea, 

 and Glen More in Inverness, the 

 channel is a rift valley. 



Minchinhampton, Town of 

 Gloucestershire, England. It is 4m. 

 fi 'in Stroud, near the Thames and 

 Severn canal. The chief industry is 

 the making of woollens, and there 

 is a golf course. The chief church is 

 Holy Trinity, dating in part from 

 the 13th century, From Minchin- 

 hampton Common, 660 ft. high, 

 a tine view of the Cots wolds is 

 obtained. The town has long been 

 fani'.us for its manufacture of 

 cloth, and in former days brewing 

 was an industry. Pop. 3,200. 



Mincing Lane. London thor- 

 oughfare. Between Rood Lane 

 and Mark Lane, it connects Great 

 Tower Street with Fenchurch 

 Street, E.G., and is a centre of the 

 tea and rubber trades. Here is the 

 I hall of the Clothworkers' Company 

 I (7. r. ), the garden of which, contain- 

 ing the tower of the old church of 

 All Hallows Staining, is formed 

 from the churchyard of that build- 

 ing. The body of the church was 

 demolished in 1870, when its 

 monuments were removed to S. 

 Olave's, Hart Street. The lane is 

 named after houses which belonged 

 to the mynchena, or nuns, of 

 S. Helen's. 



Mincio. River of N Italy. 

 Issuing from the S. end of Lake 

 Garda, it (lows S. and S.E., joining 

 the Po 10 m. S. K. of Mantua, up to 



5423 



which it is navigable, after a course 

 of 110 m. Near its banks several 

 li.it ties were fought : Castiglione. 

 1796 ; Solferino, 1859; and Custoz- 

 za, 1848 and 1866. /Von. Mecnchyo. 



Mind. In general, the opposite 

 of matter, more particularly, the 

 thinking part of us, the cognitive 

 faculty which is mainly concerned 

 with intellectual processes. In this 

 sense it is contrasted with soul 

 (q.v.), which is mainly concerned 

 with the various forms of feeling, 

 volition, and emotion. The word 

 noua (mind), as used by the Greek 

 philosopher Anaxagoras in the 

 sense of the arranging principle of 

 the world, involved the idea of 

 consciousness and design. The 

 same idea appears to some extent 

 in the monads of Leibniz. Accord- 

 ing to the modern definition, mind 

 is a collective term, denoting the 

 sum-total of all our mental pro- 

 cesses, which are themselves only 

 different functions of the nervous 

 system, especially of the brain. 



In regard to the relation be- 

 tween mind and body (matter), 

 there are three principal hypo- 

 theses. Dualism (q.v.) regards the 

 mind as a substance existing side 

 by side with, and independently of, 

 the body. Its supporters argue 

 that the essential characteristics of 

 matter are extension, change, and 

 movement in space, and that it 

 has never been shown how mental 

 phenomena, the characteristics of 

 which are unity and identity, can 

 be produced from movement and 

 change. 



Materialism (q.v.) regards men- 

 tal phenomena as mere bodily 

 functions, like the digestion of 

 food. But it is difficult to see how 

 thought (consciousness) can be 

 reduced merely to this, for the 

 movements which take place in 

 our body remain unconscious as 

 far as we are concerned, whereas 

 we ourselves are conscious of our 

 thoughts. The most we can say is 

 that thought is no doubt connected 

 with certain functional movements 

 of the brain which are necessary to 

 it under present conditions ; but; 

 though connected with these func- 

 tions, it is yet distinct from them. 

 The materialist, however, argues 

 that it is difficult to conceive a 

 satisfactory positive notion of an 

 intellectual substance, not merely 

 regarding it as the negative of body. 

 Idealism (q.v.) sees in bodies and 

 external phenomena only the mani- 

 festations of intellectual beings ; 

 mind is the reali ty, all else is derived 

 from it, or is mere appearance. 



The object of mental philosophy 

 is to arrive at a unitary conception 

 of the aggregate of mental phe- 

 nomena ; but whereas the in- 

 dividualistic theory assumes a 



MINDBN 



plurality of independent intel- 

 lectual parts, by the cooperation 

 of which a unity of the intellectual 

 life of the world is produced, uni- 

 vereallsm regards this unity as 

 prior in time, and the different in- 

 tellectual phenomena as manifest- 

 ations of a universal world spirit. 

 Mindanao. Second in import- 

 ance and size of the Philippine 

 Islands. Irregularly shaped, with 

 a long peninsula stretching out to 

 the W. its main portion measures 

 about 300 m. from N. to S., and 

 150 m. from E. to W., while it has 

 an area of 36,290 sq. m., excluding 

 dependent islands. It is almost cut 

 into two parts by the bays of 

 Iligan on the N., and Illana on the 

 S. of the peninsula, and its shores 

 are indented by many other bays. 



The surface is in general very 

 mountainous, the loftiest summits 

 being the active volcanoes of Apo, 

 10,312 ft., and Malindang, 8,562 ft. 

 Most of the rivers are small, but 

 the Agusan and the Rio Grande de 

 Mindanao traverse the greater part 

 of the island. Lakes are numerous. 

 The climate is hot, and the rainfall 

 heavy, the annual fall often ex- 

 ceeding 100 ins. The island is sub- 

 ject to earthquakes, a disastrous 

 visitation in 1897 causing much 

 damage, including the destruction 

 of the town of Zamboanga, since 

 rebuilt. Hemp and copra are the 

 chief products. Timber is largely 

 obtained, minerals are worked to 

 some extent, and cattle rearing is 

 carried on. The inhabitants, who 

 number 510,000, are mostly of 

 Malay stock, about one-third being 

 Christians, and the majority of the 

 remainder Mahomedans. 



Minden. City of Westphalia, 

 Germany. It stands on both sides 

 of the Weser, 44 m. from Hanover. 

 The cathedral, 

 begun in the 

 llth century, 

 the tower being 

 the oldest por- 

 tion, has some 

 priceless works 

 of art in its trea- 

 sury. Other old 

 buildings are S. 

 Martin's church 

 and the town hall, and there are a 

 number of modern ones. The in- 

 dustries include the manufacture 

 of textiles, beer, tobacco, soap, 

 chemicals, etc., and the building of 

 boats. Made the seat of a bishop 

 in the 8th century, Minden was a 

 prosperous commercial town in the 

 Middle Ages, when it was fortified, 

 and a member of the Hanseatic 

 League. Pop. 26,500. 



The bishop of Minden was one of 

 the great ecclesiastics of Germany. 

 He ruled over an area of about 400 

 sq. m. around the city, and sat 



D 7 



Minden aims 



