MOGADOR 



5465 



MOHAMMED V 







Mogador OR Es SUKIRA. Sea- 

 port o? Morocco. It is 130 m. from 

 Morocco city. With a good 

 harbour, it 'does a considerable 

 trade, exporting the produce of 

 the land. It was founded in 1760, 

 aii'l its chief building is the citadel. 

 !'.,.. 24,000. 



Mogok. Town of India, in 

 Cm mil. It is celebrated for its 

 ruby mines, and is situated on the 

 T -^ R =-, left bank of the 



Irawadi, 100 m. 



N. of Mandalay. 



Pop. 11,100. 

 Moguer. Town 



of Spain, in the 



prov. of Huelva. 



It stands on the 



crest of a hill, 

 Mogner arms 6 m. E. of Huelva, 

 and has a small port on the Rio 

 Tinto. It is noted for its wine 

 and brandy. Pop. 8,500. 



Mogul (Arab, mugftal, Mongol). 

 Name applied to the empire 

 founded c. 1526, by Babar (qv.\ 

 the Mahomedan conqueror of 

 India. Under his grandson Akbar 

 (1542-1605) the empire was 

 greatly extended. On the death of 

 Aurungzebe (1707) it fell to pieces, 

 and in 1858 it finally ceased to 

 exist. See Akbar ; Babar ; India. 

 Mohacs. Town of Hungary. 

 It is situated on the right bank of 

 the Danube, 40 m. E. of Pecs, and 

 is a rly. junction and a steamer 

 station with some trade in coal. 

 It has manufactures of silk, timber, 

 and bricks. Pop. 17,000. 



Mohacs is best known as the 

 scene of two battles. The first, 

 Aug. 29, 1526, was the defeat of 

 Louis II (q.v.) of Hungary by 

 Soliman the Magnificent, when of 

 the whole Hungarian force of 

 25,000 men, 24,000 fell on the field, 

 including Louis himself. This de- 

 feat left the road open to Buda, 

 which was entered and sacked by 

 the Turks, Sept. 12. The second 

 battle, Aug. 12, 1687, saw the de- 

 feat of the Turks by the Austrian 

 army of Charles of Lorraine, and 

 was one of the decisive battles in 

 the campaign which eventually 

 drove the Turks out of Christian 

 Europe. Prow. Mo-hatch. 



Mohair (Arab. mukhayyar, 

 choice, select). Fleece of the An- 

 gora goat. Mohair has been im- 

 ported from Turkey since the 17th 

 century at least, when it was used 

 for making camlets for cloaks. 

 Gimp, fancy buttons, and button- 

 holes were made of mohair twist, 

 hair for the purpose being brought 

 over in the form of spun yarn. 

 Mohair spinning has been carried 

 on in Bradford, Yorkshire, on a 

 large scale since 1848. The better 

 qualities are taken for dress goods, 

 and others are made into plushes, 



Mogador, Morocco. City water tow< 

 braids, astrachans, and heavy 

 cloths. Turkey mohair normally 

 commands the best prices, but there 

 are at the Cape three times as 

 many Angora goats as in Asia 

 Minor. Cape kids from the young 

 of the South African goats is the 

 finest procurable hair. Angora 

 goat ranching has extended much 

 in the Western U.S.A., and the 

 manufacture of mohair goods has 

 largely increased in America. See 

 Angora ; Wool. 



Mohammed. Name, a variant 

 of Mahomet, of six sultans of Tur- 

 key. The two most important 

 (II and V) are separately noticed. 

 Mohammed I reigned 1413-21. 

 By constant warfare he recovered 

 territories lost by his father, 

 Bayazid, who had been over- 

 whelmed by the forces of Timur. 

 This sultan appears to have been 

 a man of culture. The reign of 

 Mohammed III, 1595-1603, was 

 mainly taken up in fighting against 

 Austria, but before its end he was 

 involved in a war with Persia, and 

 had to contend with an insurrec- 

 tion in Constantinople. Moham- 

 med IV reigned from 1648-87. 

 This was the period when the 

 Kuprili family was directing the 

 affairs of Turkey, and during the 

 reign war was carried on with 

 Austria and Poland. 



Mohammed VI became sultan 

 in 1918. Born Jan. 12, 1861, he 

 was the son of sultan Abdul Medjid, 

 and the brother of Mohammed V, 

 whom he succeeded July 3, 1918. 

 See Turkey : History. 



Mohammed H( 1430-81). Sul- 

 tan of Turkey, known as Moham- 

 med the Conqueror (El Fatyh). 

 Son of Murad 

 II, he was 

 born at Adria- 

 n o p 1 e, and 

 succeeded his 

 father in 1451. 

 In 1453, at the 

 head of over 

 150,000 men 

 and a fleet of 

 400 vessels, he 

 captured Con- 



duct 



stantinople from 

 the Greek emper- 

 or, Constantino 

 Palaeologufl, after 

 a siege of 53 days. 

 Making Constan- 

 tinople hw capital, 

 he embarked on 

 a long series of 

 ware which made 

 his name feared 

 throughout Eu- 

 rope. He subdued 

 Serbia in 14;VJ, in 

 spite of his me- 

 morable defeat at 

 Belgrade by Hun- 

 yadi, 1456, made himself master of 

 the Morea, 1460, of Trebizond, 1461, 

 of Lesbos, 1462, and of Wallacbia 

 and Bosnia, 1463. In 1472 he over- 

 came the Persian forces in Cappa- 

 docia, and took Caff a in the Crimea 

 from the Genoese in 1475. In 

 1478 he forced Venice to sign peace 

 and surrender Skutari in Albania, 

 and in 1 480 he attacked the Neapol- 

 itans and captured Otranto. Shortly 

 afterwards he died at Gebze, and 

 was succeeded by Bayazid II. See 

 Turkey : History. 



Mohammed V OR MEHMED 

 RESHAD( 1844-1918.) Sultan of Tur- 

 key. Born Nov. 3, 1844, younger 

 brother of Sultan Abdul Hamid II 

 (q.v. ), he lived in dull and isolated 

 obscurity most of his life. A stu- 

 dent and deeply religious, through- 

 out the reign 01 his brother he only 

 emerged into prominence on the de- 

 position of Abdul Hamid on April 

 27, 1909, on which day he was pro- 

 claimed his successor. He suc- 

 ceeded to a heritage of micgovern- 

 ment, and throughout his reign 

 was a mere figurehead, the real 

 power being in the hands of the 

 Young Turk party, headed by En- 

 ver Pasha, Talaat Bey, and others. 

 The Italian and Balkan wars 

 and the increasing influence of 

 Germany in Turkish affairs were 

 troubles with which he had to con- 

 tend. He is believed to have been 

 by no means willing to side with 

 Germany in the Great War. and for 

 a while did what he could to avoid 

 a rupture with the Allies, but was 

 overruled. He died July 3, 1918, 

 and was succeeded by his brother 

 Mohammed VI, who resigned Nov., 

 1922. See Turkey. 



Mohammed II, 

 Sultan o! Turkey 



Mohammed V, sultan of Turkey, 



1909-18. Right, Mohammed VI. 



sultan. 1918-22 



