MOMUS 



5478 



MONAGHAN 



Monaco, South Europe. General view from the town of Monaco, looking east ; showing the town of La Condamine, 

 part of Monte Carlo Harbour, and, left, the palace of the Prince of Monaco 



Magdarena, 1 10 m. S.S.E. of Car- 

 tagena. Once an important river 

 port, silting has made the river un- 

 navigable. Tools and instruments 

 are manufactured. Pop. 14,700. 



Momus. In Greek mythology, 

 the god of jest and mockery. His 

 sarcasm and criticisms became so 

 obnoxious to the other gods that 

 he was expelled from heaven. He 

 was the son of Night. 



Mona. Name by which the 

 island of Anglesey (q.v. ) was known 

 to the Romans. The name was 

 also applied, perhaps in error, to 

 the Isle of Man. 



Monachite. German safety 

 explosive made at Munich. Several 

 different varieties are made, the 

 more important compositions being 

 given below. These explosives 

 were the first industrial composi- 

 tions to employ trinitroxylene as 

 the sensitising ingredient. This 

 explosive is not used in the pure 

 state, but as a crude mixture of 

 di- and tri-nitroxylenes prepared 

 by nitrating solvent naphtha. Such 

 a mixture is generally liquid or 

 only semi-solid, whereas pure tri- 

 nitroxylene is a solid with a high 

 melting point. 



See Explosives ; Safety Explosives. 

 Monaco. Principality of S. 

 Europe. Except for the short 

 coast- line on the Mediterranean 

 Sea, this small state of 8 sq. m. is 

 entirely bounded by the French 

 dept. of Alpes Maritimes. Coal 

 and wine are im- 

 ported in ex- 

 change for olive 

 oil, oranges, 

 citrons, and per- 

 fumes. The 

 revenue is mainly 

 derived from the 

 gaming tables, 

 Monaco arms 80,000 being an- 



nually paid by the concessionaires. 

 Pop. 23,000 in the towns of Monaco, 

 La Condamine, and Monte Carlo. 



The town of Monaco, pop. 

 2,000, is a sea-bathing resort, and 

 contains the new Roman-Byzan- 

 tine cathedral and the palace of the 

 prince. It is also the seat of the 

 international hydrographic bureau, 

 established in 1921. 



The family of Grimaldi secured 

 Monaco in 968, and when, in 1715, 

 the male line failed, it passed to a 

 daughter and her husband. It 

 was French 1792-1815, while for a 

 few months in 1859-60 it was in 

 the hands of the Sardinians. Since 

 1861 it has been under the pro- 

 tection of France. The prince 

 gave it a constitution in 1911. 

 See Monte Carlo. 



Monad (Gr. monas, a unit). Ac- 

 cording to Leibniz (q.v.), the 

 founder of the system known as 

 monadology or monadism, every 

 compound can be resolved into 

 elements which he calls monads. 

 These are simple, incorporeal, un- 

 extended, intelligent, substantial 

 unities. They 

 are not physical 

 points, like the 

 atomsof Epicurus, 

 but metaphysical 

 points, real forces, 

 not purely pas- 

 sive, like the 

 corporeal ele- 

 ments of Des- 

 cartes. All that 

 exists results from 

 the association of 

 these monads 

 with a principal 

 monad, whereby 

 is produced a 

 gradation of 

 species, ascending 

 from raw matter 

 to the vegetable, 

 the animal, the 

 intelligent con- 

 scious being, and 

 finally to God, the 

 ultimate reason of 

 things. In ancient 

 philosophy monad 

 unity 



as opposed to duality, and also 

 the number one, to which the Py- 

 thagoreans appear to have attri- 

 buted creative force. 



Monagas. State of N.E. Vene- 

 zuela. It is S. of Sucre, N. of the 

 Orinoco, and W. of the Gulf of 

 Paria and Delta Amacuro ; the E. 

 boundary is the Manamo, the most 

 westerly distributary of the Orinoco 

 delta. The W. section of the state is 

 hilly, the E. low-lying. It is well 

 watered, fertile, and contains seve- 

 ral lakes. The capital is Maturin 

 Area, 11,155 sq. m. Pop. 90,000. 



Mqnaghan. County of Ireland. 

 In the province of Ulster, its area is 

 499 sq. m. The surface is undulat- 

 ing, with hills in the south and 

 east, and in parts boggy. The chief 

 rivers are the Blackwater, flowing 

 along the N.E. boundary, and the 

 Finn, and there are many small 

 lakes. Oats, flax ; and potatoes are 

 grown ; cattle, sheep, pigs, and 

 poultry are reared. Coal, limestone, 

 and gypsum are mined on a small 

 scale. The G.N. of Ireland Rly. and 

 the Ulster canal serve the county. 



Monaghan, Ireland. Map of the pastoral county of Ulster 



