M6NCH 



5482 



MONDOflEDO 



Mdnch (Ger., Monk). Mt. peak 

 of Switzerland, in the Bernese 

 Oberland. It rises between the 

 Eiger and the Jungfrau, has an alt. 

 of 13,468 ft., and is covered with 

 snow and icefields. The first ascent 

 was accomplished by Forges in 

 1857. The passage of the Monch- 

 joch Pass from Grindelwa'.d to the 

 Eggishorn Hotel is comparatively 

 easy. See Eiger. 



Monchique. Town of Portugal, 

 in the dist. of Faro and the prov. 

 of Algarve. It is 12 m. by road N. 

 of Villa Nova de Portimao and 13 

 m. S. of the station on the Lisbon 

 rly. Beautifully situated on a spur 

 of the Serra de Monchique, alt. 

 1,476 ft., it is a noted health resort. 

 There is a trade in wine, olive oil, 

 oranges, etc. At Caldas de Mon- 

 chique, 5 m. to the S. (alt. 820 ft.), 

 are hot sulphur springs, famous for 

 their curative properties in skin 

 diseases. Pop. 7,000. 



Monchiquite. In geology, name 

 given to fine-grained rock belong- 

 ing to the lamprophyres. It con- 

 sists chiefly of olivine and purplish 

 augite, while some varieties con- 

 tain hauyne but none contain 

 felspar. The rock is so called 

 from the Serra de Monchique in 

 Portugal. Sec Lamprophyres. 



Monchy-le-Preux. Village of 

 France, in the dept. of Pas-de- 

 Calais. Situated 5 m. E. of Arras 

 immediately N. of the Arras-Cam- 

 brai road, the village and heights, 

 which had been converted into a 

 series of fortresses by the Germans, 

 were captured by the British, April 

 11, 1917, and held against German 

 counter-attacks. The British with- 

 drew from it in March, 1918, and 

 the 2nd and 3rd Canadian divisions 

 recovered it on Aug. 26. The vil- 

 lage has been " adopted " by the Isle 

 of Wight under the British League 

 of Help scheme, and a cairn erected 

 on the village square commem- 

 orates the exploits of the British 

 37th division. See Arras, Battles of. 

 Monck, CHAKLES STANLEY 

 MONOK, 4TH VISCOTTNT (1819-94). 

 British administrator. Born at 

 ____________^.__ Templemore, 



T i p p e r a r v, 

 Oct. 10, 1819, 

 the eldest son 

 of the 3rd 

 viscount, he' 

 was educated 

 at Trinity Col- 

 lege, Dublin, 

 and became a 

 barrister. In 

 1849 he suc- 

 ceeded to the 

 Irish title, and in 1852 became M.P. 

 for Portsmouth, being a lord of the 

 treasury, 1855-58. In 1861 he 

 became governor of Upper and 

 Lower Canada, and in 1867-68 was 



4th Viscount Monck, 

 British administrator 



Monch, Switzerland. The snow-clad 



peak in the Bernese Oberland seen 



from Interlaken 



the first govern or- general of the new 

 dominion. He was made a baron of 

 the United Kingdom in 1866. He 

 died Nov. 29, 1894, his elder son 

 succeeding to the peerage. 



Moncton. City and port of entry 

 of New Brunswick, Canada. It 

 stands on the Petitcodiac river, 89 

 m. from St. John and 650 from 

 Montreal, with a station on the 

 Intercolonial Rly. It is the head- 

 quarters of that line, which has 

 its workshops here, and is the 

 eastern terminus of the national 

 system of which it forms part. 

 There is a good harbour, and the 

 town has manufactures of machi- 

 nery, corn mills, lumber mills, etc. 

 Pop. 11,300. 



Mond, SIB ALFRED MORITZ (b. 

 1868). British politician. Born at 

 Farnworth, Lanes., Oct. 23, 1868, 

 a son of Lud- 

 wig Mond, the 

 scientist, he 

 was educated 

 at Cheltenham 

 College and S. 

 John's Col- 

 lege, Cam- 

 bridge, and 

 became a bar- 

 rister, being 

 also a mem- 

 ber of the 

 firm of Brunner, Mond & Co. In 

 1906 he was elected Liberal M.P. 

 for Chester, and in 1910 for Swan- 

 sea, being created a baronet in the 

 latter year. Tn 1916 Mond joined 

 the coalition government as first 

 commissioner of works. He was 

 minister of health from March, 

 1921, to Oct., 1922. 



Mond, LTJDWIG (1839-1909). 

 German chemist. Born at Cassel, 

 Germany, March 7, 1839, and 



Sir Alfred Mond, 



British politician 



Rustell 



Ludwig Mond, 

 German chemist 



educated at Marburg and Heidel- 

 berg universities, he came to Eng- 

 land in 1862 to introduce a process 

 for the re- 

 covery of 

 sulphur from 

 alkali waste, 

 and in 1873, in 

 partnership 

 with Sir John 

 Brunner, erec- 

 ted works 

 near North - 

 wich for the 

 man uf acture 

 of soda by the Elliott A Fry 



Snlvay or ammonia process. Mond 

 also invented a cheap source of 

 power from small coal, utilising 

 the ammonia produced during the 

 process, and discovered a method 

 of recovering nickel from low- 

 grade ores. In 1896 lie founded 

 the Davy-Faraday Research La- 

 boratory in connexion with the 

 Royal Institution, London. He 

 became a naturalised British sub- 

 ject in 1867, and died in London 

 Dec. 11, 1909. See Brunner, Sir 

 John ; Soda. 



Monday. Second day of the 

 week. The word comes from A.S. 

 Monandaeg (moon's day) and 

 corresponds to the Lat. Dies 

 Lvnae, cf. Fr. lundi. The name 

 Black Monday was originally 

 given to Easter Monday, April 14, 

 1360, from the darkness and cold 

 experienced by Edward III of Eng- 

 land when lying with his host be- 

 fore Paris. In the north of Eng- 

 land the day before Shrove Tues- 

 day is called Collop Monday, from 

 the collops then eaten. The 

 expressions " Cobbler's Monday " 

 and " Saint Monday " in the sense 

 of a holiday are, perhaps, attribu- 

 table to the old story of the cobblers 

 who, knowing only that their 

 patron saint's day fell on a Monday, 

 made sure of not missing it by keep- 

 ing every Monday a holiday. 



Mondego. River of Portugal. 

 It rises in the Serra de Estrella, 

 and flows first N.E. and then S.W. 

 past Coimbra to the Atlantic Ocean 

 at Figueirada Foz. Length 130m. 

 Mondonedo. City of Spain, in 

 the prov. of Lugo. It stands on the 

 river Masma, 12 m. S. of the coast 

 of the Bay of Biscay 

 and 28 m. N. of Lugo. 

 A bishopric from the 

 12th century, its cathe- 

 dral dates only from 

 the 17th. Its Francis- 



Mondonedo can monastery is now 

 arms (" use d as a public school 

 and theatre. Manufactures include 

 cotton and linen goods, and lace ; 

 marble quarrying is an important 

 industry. Captured from the Moors 

 in 858, it was taken by the French 

 in 1809. Pop. 9,700. 



