MONEYLENDER 



3485 



MONGOL 



Moneylender. One who lends 



ii\"iiry, l>nt rspr. ially one who 

 does so for a livelihood. In the 

 I aiii it Kingdom, as in other 

 I'liiiiitrii-s. spi ri-il legislation \i:\.~ 

 iiml niTi--ai v fin tin-protec- 

 tion of the public against money- 

 I -in 1 ITS. By the Moneylenders 

 Art of 1900 a moM>y lender in de 

 fined as a person wnose business is 

 that of lending money, or " who 

 :i.l\i itises or announces himself or 

 holds himself out in any way as 

 ( iii i \ ing on that business." Pawn- 

 brokers, bankers, insurance com- 

 panies, friendly societies, building 

 societies, loan societies, and persons 

 or corporations who lend money 

 merely incidentally for business 

 purposes are expressly excepted. 



A moneylender must be regis- 

 tered at Somerset House (England) 

 or the offices of the controller of 

 stamps, Edinburgh and Dublin, for 

 Scotland and Ireland respectively. 

 His name and address, or addresses, 

 must be so registered, and he is 

 liable to a penalty if he carries on 

 business (a )without registration, (6 ) 

 at any address, or under any name 

 other than those registered. If a 

 moneylender lends money without 

 being registered, or if he carries on 

 his business from an unregistered 

 address, he cannot sue for the debt. 



All transactions by money- 

 lenders may be revised by the 

 courts, who may reduce any rate 

 of interest which is harsh, uncon- 

 scionable, or excessive. Transac- 

 tions which are closed may be re- 

 opened. A moneylender must not 

 make any false or misleading state- 

 ment, under penalty of being de- 

 prived, if the court thinks fit, of 

 the profits of the loan. He must 

 always furnish the borrower, on 

 demand, with a true copy of any 

 document connected with the loan. 

 It is for the judge to decide in every 

 case whether interest is excessive ; 

 and he always has regard to the 

 circumstances such as the risk 

 undertaken by the lender, the 

 security, if any, and the like. See 

 Usury. 



Money Order. Document issued 

 at certain post offices to enable a 

 person to send money to someone 

 else. When the money is paid in, 

 the names of the payer and of the 

 payee are taken down, and are sent 

 to the particular office at which the 

 order is made payable ; without 

 this advice the money will not be 

 paid. Money orders are thus dif- 

 ferent from postal orders, which 

 can be transferred like cash. The 

 highest amount for which a money 

 order is issued in the United King- 

 dom is 40, and the charge varies 

 from 4d. to Is. Money orders can 

 be sent by telegraph, can, like 

 cheques, be crossed for greater 



-runty, an. I .-an be sent to most 

 parts of the British Empire, and to 

 most foreign countries. 



Moneywort OR CREEPING 

 JENNY (Lysimachia nummularia). 

 l'i ! niiial rrvr|)ing herb of the nat- 



Moneywort. Stems and flowers 



ural order Primulaceae, native of 

 Europe. Its prostrate stems creep 

 to a length of about two ft., and 

 bear roundish heart-shaped leaves 

 in pairs, and cup-shaped, solitary 

 yellow flowers. A species often 

 confused with it is the yellow pim- 

 pernel (L. nemorum), with shorter 

 stems, yellow green larger leaves, 

 and smaller flowers. 



Monfalcone. Town of Italy, 

 in the former Austrian crownland 

 of Gtirz and Gradisca. It is 10 m 

 S.W. of Gorizia and 16 m. N.W. of 

 Trieste, near the Adriatic, is noted 

 for its mineral waters, and was 

 prominent in the Great War 

 Italian destroyers shelled its ship- 

 yards and Italian airmen raided it. 

 It was taken by the Italians, June 

 9, 1915, but was retaken by the 

 Austrians, Oct. 24, 1917. It p'assed 

 to Italy when Austria was de- 

 prived of Gorz and Gradisca under 

 the peace treaty, July 16, 1920. 

 Pop. 5,200. See Caporetto, Battle 

 of ; Gorizia ; Italy. 



Monforte de Lena us. Town of 

 Spain, in the prov. of Lugo. It 

 stands on the river Cabe, and is a 

 junction on the rly. from Leon, 

 148 m. to the E., to Corunna and 

 Vigo. It has ruins of a medieval 

 castle, a Benedictine monastery, 

 now utilised as a hospital, a fine 

 Renaissance church, and a Jesuit 

 college. Chocolate and linen are 

 manufactured, and there is trade in 

 timber and cattle. Pop. 13,800. 



Mongolia. Most S. prov. of 

 the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan. It con- 

 tains the districts of Bor, Kajo 

 Kaji, Latuka, Mongalla, Moru- 

 Tombe, Rejaf, and Yei River. The 

 enclave of Lado, formerly under 

 Belgian administration, is now in- 

 cluded in the prov. of Mongalla. 

 The capital is Mongalla, on the 

 White Nile, 1,056 m. S. of Khartum. 

 Area, 63,000 sq. m. Pop. 207,400. 



Oaspard Monge, 



French mathematician 



Monge, OASPARD (1740-1818). 

 French mathematician. Born at 

 Beaune, May 10, 1746, he WM 

 educated a t <-HMR 

 Lyons, where, 

 at the age of 

 16, he became 

 teacher of 

 physics. 1 n 

 1765 he 

 tudied at the 

 military school 

 of engineering 

 a t Mezierea, 

 where, three 

 years later, he was appointed pro- 

 fessor of mathematics and, in 1771, 

 of physics. In 1783 he moved to 

 Paris, where he had already been 

 elected a member of the Academy, 

 and became examiner of naval 

 pupils. Here he wrote his Traite 

 elementaire de la Statique, 1786. 

 He was minister of marine 1792- 

 93, when he retired to prepare plans 

 and materiel for the public defence. 



After a visit to Italy in 1796 to 

 receive the Napoleonic plunder 

 of antiquities and objets (Tart, he 

 accompanied Bonaparte to Kgypt 

 and Syria, and returned to 'the 

 Polytechnique in 1798. In 1805 

 he was made a senator and Comte 

 de Pelouse, but lost both dignities 

 on the Restoration. He died July 

 28, 1818. Pron. Monj. 



Monghyr. Dist. and town of 

 India, in the Bhagalpur division, 

 Bihar and Orissa. The dist. is a 

 low-lying alluvial tract drained by 

 the Ganges. Nearly half the culti- 

 vated area yields two crops annual- 

 ly. Rice, maize, and tobacco are the 

 most important. The town is an 

 important trading centre on the 

 right bank of the Ganges, here 

 crossed by the rly., and opposite 

 the entry of the Burh Gandak 

 river, and contains an up-to-date 

 cigarette factory, which works the 

 increasing supplies of locally grown 

 tobacco. From the 12th to the 

 18th century it was a Mahomedan 

 stronghold. Area, 3,922 sq. m. Pop. 

 dist. 2,132,900; town, 46,900. 



Mongol. Name denoting a 

 racial stock in Mongolia, with off- 

 shoots in the Manchurian Amur 

 province and in Chinese Turki- 

 stan. Estimated (1911) at 

 1,800,000, they form, with the 

 Turkic and Tungus stocks, the 

 round-headed Altaian branch of 

 the straight-haired yellow race. 

 The coarse, black hair is scanty 

 except on the scalp. The character- 

 istic Mongolian fold of skin over 

 the inner angle of the eyelids, and 

 the lifted outer angle, produce the 

 well-known slant-eyed effect. 



Sturdy, flat-faced, with promi- 

 nent cheek-bones, they comprise 

 W. Mongols or Kalmucks, and E. 

 Mongols, including the six inner 



