MONKEY 



MONKL.AND CANAL 



the House of Commons as M.P. for 

 Sussex. He remained therein until 

 made a baron in 1884. As a Liberal 

 minister, he was financial secretary 

 to the treasury, 1873-74, president 

 of the local government board, 

 1880-82, and chancellor of the 

 duchy, 1882-84. He died May 25, 

 1897, and was succeeded by his 

 son, John William (b. 1869), who 

 was in the diplomatic service, 

 1894-97, and was later an alderman 

 of the L.C.C. 



Monkey. Popular name for all 

 mammals of the order Primates, 

 with the exception of man and the 

 anthropoid apes. Monkeys gener 

 ally are distinguished from man 

 and the apes by their smaller size 

 and the shape of the molar teeth, 

 while individual groups have tails, 

 naked callosities on the buttocks, 

 and cheek pouches. The narrow, 

 laterally compressed breastbone in- 

 variably distinguishes the skeleton 

 It is usual to divide the monkeys 

 into two great families, the Cerco 

 pithecidae of the Old World and 

 the Cebidae of the New. The main 

 points of distinction are that the 

 nostrils of all the American species 

 are more widely separated and 

 more laterally situated than in 

 those of the Old World, that they 

 have four more teeth, and that 

 none of them have the cheek 

 pouches and the callosities on the 

 buttocks that many of the latter 

 possess. Many of them have pre- 

 hensile tails, which is not the case 

 with any of the species belonging 

 to the Old World. The New World 

 monkeys are, however, much less 

 agile on the whole than the Old 

 World monkeys, neither are they 

 as intelligent. 



Monkeys occur throughout 

 Africa, Asia, and the hotter parts 

 of the American continent. In 

 Europe they still linger on the 

 Rock of Gibraltar, but were for- 

 merly much more widely distri- 

 buted, the fossil remains of one 

 species of Macaque occurring in 

 Essex. Nearly all monkeys are ar- 

 boreal in habit, and most of them 

 are very agile in their movements. 

 They are usually found in small 

 companies under the leadership of 

 old males. They may be regarded 

 as omnivorous, fruit, nuts, and 

 leaves constituting their chief diet ; 

 but insects and small birds are 

 largely eaten, while few monkeys 

 can resist the temptation of rob- 

 bing a bird's nest of its eggs. With 

 the exception of a few of the larger 

 species, monkeys are timid and in- 

 offensive in disposition. 



Economically they are of small 

 importance, though the skins of 

 certain species are used as fur, and 

 in some districts the bodies are 

 eaten by the natives. They often 



do considerable damage to orchards 

 and growing crops. As pets, mon- 

 keys have long been popular on 

 account of their semi-human ways 

 and amusing antics ; but their deli- 

 cacy of constitution usually makes 

 their life in captivity short. See 

 Animal ; Ape ; Baboon ; Capuchin ; 

 Colobus ; Douroucouli ; Diana 

 Monkey ; Howling Monkey ; Mam- 

 mal, etc. ; Primates. 



Monkey Flower (Mimulus 

 langsdorfii). Perennial riverside 

 herb of the natural order Scrophu- 



Monkey Flower. Foliage and 

 Bowers of the N. American herb 



lariaceae. Native of N. America, 

 it has oval-oblong, coarsely toothed 

 leaves, and large yellow tubular 

 flowers with widely expanded 

 mouth. Some of the varieties are 

 richly spotted, or blotched with 

 crimson, maroon, or purple. M. 

 moschatus, a much smaller, more 

 delicate plant, is the familiar musk 

 of window-gardens. 



Monkey Pot (Lecythis ollaria). 

 Large tree of the natural order 

 Myrtaceae, native of tropical 

 America. It has alternate, leathery 

 leaves, and large six-petalled 

 flowers. The fruit is a hard, woody 

 capsule with a distinct lid, and of 

 sufficient size to be used as a water- 

 vessel by the natives. When the 



Monkey Pot, leaves and fruit. In- 

 set, seeds, showing thick shell 



large, bitter, hard-shelled seeds are 

 ripe, the lid falls off to allow their 

 escape. L. zabucajo supplies the 



Sapucai nuts, which are larger 

 than, and superior to, Brazil nuts. 

 The bark of L. ollaria consists of 

 many thin layers of a papery 

 material, which the Indians separ- 

 ate and use for cigarette wrappers. 



Monkey Puzzle Tree. Popular 

 name for the Chile pine (Araucaria 

 imbricata). A native of Chile, it 

 was introduced into Gt. Britain in 

 1796. It needs a rich soil. See 

 Chile Pine. 



Mon-Khmer. Sub-family of 

 agglutinative languages spoken in 

 S.E. Asia. It forms with the 

 Munda sub-family the Austroasian 

 family. The Mon occupied the 

 Irawadi valley before the Bur- 

 mese immigration ; the Khmec- 

 are a mixed Indonesian people in 

 Cambodia. In India (1911) its 

 seven languages were spoken by 

 555,417 people in all, including 

 Mon, 179,444 ; Palaung, 149,252 ; 

 Wa, 16,511; Khasi, 200,872; 

 and Nicobarese, 8,418. Related 

 dialects, spoken by unenumerated 

 aboriginal tribes in Indo-China, 

 are remnants of the speech 

 dominant in Further India before 

 the Tibeto-Chinese advent. See 

 Austric ; Talaing. 



Monkhouse, WILLIAM COSMO 

 (1840-1901). British poet and 

 critic. Born in London, March 18, 

 1840, his father was a solicitor. 

 Educated at S. Paul's School, he 

 entered the board of trade in 

 1857 ; and eventually became an 

 assistant secretary therein. He 

 died July 2, 1901. Monkhouse 

 wrote poems and a novel, A Ques- 

 tion of Honour, 1868, but his best 

 work was probably done as an art 

 critic. He wrote a Life of Turner, 

 1879 ; The Italian Pre-Raphaelites, 

 1887; In the National Gallery, 

 1895 ; and British Contemporary 

 Artists, 1899, as well as many 

 articles for The Saturday Review 

 and the periodicals devoted to 

 art. Of his verses The Christ upon 

 the Hill, a ballad, may be men- 

 tioned. Two other volumes are 

 A Dream of Idleness and other 

 Poems, 1865 ; and Corn and Pop- 

 pies, 1890. He also wrote a 

 Memoir of Leigh Hunt, 1893. 



Monkland Canal. Waterway 

 of Scotland. It runs from Port 

 Dundas on the Clyde in Glasgow 

 to the N. Calder river at Calder- 

 bank, passing through Coatbridge. 

 It is part of the Forth and Clyde 

 navigation, and its length is 13 m. 

 Begun in 1761, it was finished in 

 1790, to carry the coal of the 

 Lanarkshire coalfield. In 1846 it 

 was acquired by the Forth and 

 Clyde Canal, and in 1867 the united 

 system passed into the hands of 

 the Cal. Rly. The name is that of 

 two large parishes in Lanarkshire, 

 New and Old. Both are on the N. 



