A10NKSHOOD 



Caldrr. and in tin- ciml -minim: 

 In tin' Middle Ages the 

 land lien- iK'lonm'd to the monks of 

 NCu l.atilr, drnrc the name. 



Monkshood(. I "<(<"' napellut). 

 IVn-nnial herb of the natural 

 urdtT Kaniiih-ularrar. A native of 

 Kmopo and Asia, it has a black, 

 spindle-shaped rootstock, and the 

 .ilt. mute leaves are cut into 

 -liarply toothed lobes. The large, 

 hood-shaped, dark-blue flowers are 

 i littered closely round the upper 

 >t the stem. The wliole 

 plant i> virulently poisonous, and 

 from its root is obtained the drug 

 a.unitine. See Aconite. 



Monkwearmouth. District of 

 Sundcrland. Formerly a separate 

 \ illume, it stands on the N. side of 

 id' \\Var. with a station on the 

 \. K Kly. A bridge over the river 

 connects it with Sunderland. His- 

 torically it is noteworthy because 

 in the 7th century Benedict Biscop 

 founded a Benedictine monastery 

 here. The parish church of S. 

 Peter stands on the site, and con- 

 tains a porch and other remains of 

 the monastic church. Monkwear- 

 mouth began to be an industrial 

 i-i-nt iv about 1775, when a ship- 

 building yard was opened. Other 

 industries are ironworks and coal 

 mines. See Sunderland. 



Monmouth. British armoured 

 cruiser. She was laid down on the 

 Clyde in August, 1899, launched 

 in Nov., 1901, and first com- 

 missioned Dec., 1903. Her length 

 was 449 ft.; beam, 66 ft.; dis- 

 placement, 9,800 tons. H.p. and 

 speed were respectively 22,000 

 and 22 knots, the armament con- 

 sisting of fourteen 6-in. guns and 

 two torpedo-tubes, and the side 

 lour being 4 ins. thick. At- 

 at the outbreak of the 

 War to the south-western 

 squadron under Rear-Admiral Sir 

 C. Cradock, she was lost with all 

 hands in action with the German 

 squadron under Admiral von Spec 

 off Coronel, Nov. 1, 1914, Captain 

 Frank Brandt being in command. 

 When last seen by the Glasgow, the 

 Monmouth was heading towards 



lonmoutb. British armoured 

 the battle off Coronel, Nov. 1, 



frlbt. Soutklt* 



S489 



the German lino, with the object 

 of firing her torpedoes at the 

 enemy or of attracting their atten- 

 tion while the Glasgow got away. 

 See Coronel, Battle of. 



Monmouth. Mun. borough and 

 the county town of Monmouth- 

 shire. It stands at the junction of 

 the Monnow and 

 the Wye, 19 m. 

 from Hereford, 

 with stations on 

 the G.W. Rly. It 

 is almost sur- 

 rounded by hills. 

 Troy, on the other 



.. side of the Mon- 



Monmouth ami now> ig parfc of 



the borough. The chief buildings 

 are the modern church of S. Mary, 

 the old church of S. Thomas 

 Becket, and the -.... , 

 shire hall. There 

 is a grammar 

 school founded in 

 the 17th century, 

 and the town has 

 statues of Henry 

 V, who was born 

 in the castle here, 

 and of Hon. C. S. 

 Rolls, whose 

 family has long 

 been connected 

 with it. Little 

 remains of the 

 castle, but Mon- 

 now bridge is still 

 protected by a 

 gateway There are some manu- 

 factures. Since 1921 it has been an 

 Anglican diocese. 



Monmouth was fortified by the 

 Saxons, and continued to be a 

 border fortress as long as the Welsh 

 were hostile to the English. It 

 became a borough in the 13th cen- 

 tury, and was first represented in 

 Parliament in the 16th. It was 

 long famous for the caps made 

 here, mentioned by Shakespeare 

 (Henry V). For nearly 400 years 

 it has held an annual fair in 

 Whit-week. Market days, Mon. 

 and Fri. Pop. 5,300. 



Monmouth. City of Illinois, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of Warren co. 

 It is L'S 111. K.N.K. 

 J of Burlington, and 

 is served by the 

 Chicago, Burling- 

 ton and Quincy 

 and other rlys. 

 The seat of Mon- 

 mouth College, it 

 has a Federal 

 building, court- 

 house, city hall, 

 and county 

 library. Agricul- 

 tural implements, 

 soap, cigars, and 

 pottery are manu- 

 factured, and trade 



MONMOUTH 



in agricultural produce and cattle 

 is carried on. Settled in 1825, it 

 waa incorporated in 1836, and be- 

 came a city in 1852. Pop. 8,100. 

 Moumouth, JAMBS SCOTT, DUKE 

 OF (1649-85). English prince. The 

 son of Charles II by Lucy Walter*, 

 he waa born 

 at Rotterdam, 

 April 9, 1649, 

 during his 

 father's exile. 

 The king pro- 

 vided for him, 

 although some 

 doubted the 

 paternity, and 

 after the Res- Juan Scott, 



toration had Duke o! M<">n>outh 

 him at court. In 1663 he was made 

 duke of Monmouth, and in the same 



cruiser sunk in 

 1914 



Monmouth. Fortified 13th century gateway on the bridge 

 over the Monnow 



year was provided for by a marriage 

 to Anne Scott, the wealthy countess 

 of Buccleuch, being created duke 

 of Buccleuch. He saw service with 

 the fleet in the short war with 

 France in 1678, and against the 

 Covenanters, 1679. 



When the question of the suc- 

 cession to the throne became 

 urgent, Monmouth was taken up 

 by Shaftesbury and those who de- 

 sired to exclude James, duke of 

 York. Public 

 feeling ran 

 high, and at 

 one time Mon- 

 mouth was in 

 banishment, at 

 another he was 

 hailed as the 

 coming king. 

 In 1683, just 

 after the Rye 

 House plot, in 

 which he was 

 concerned, the 

 duke took re- 

 fuge in Hol- 

 land, where he 

 was when 

 Charles died 

 and James 

 became king. 

 In Holland 

 Monmouth 



B 7 



Monmouth. Silver 

 medal struck by his 

 adherents to com- 

 memorate the exe- 

 cution of the duke 



Briliik Muteum 



