MONMOUTHSHIRE 



549O 



MONOCOQUE 



Monmouthshire 

 county seal 



met Argyll and other malcontents, 

 and an expedition to England was 

 arranged. The duke landed at 

 Lyme Regis, and he was greeted as 

 King Monmouth in the western 

 counties. He attacked the royal 

 troops at Sedgemoor without suc- 

 cess, July 6, 1685, and was obliged 

 to flee. He reached the New Forest, 

 but was taken at Ringwood and 

 beheaded in London, July 15, 1685. 

 Monmouth left two sons : James, 

 earl of Dalkeith, the ancestor of 

 the dukes of Buccleuch ; and Henry, 

 earl of Deloraine. See. Sedgemoor; 

 consult also Life, G. Roberts, 1844 ; 

 King Monmouth, A. Fea, 1902. 



Monmouthshire. County of 

 England, although for many pur- 

 poses regarded as part of Wales. 

 In the W. of 

 the country, it 

 is bordered by 

 Wales proper 

 and has a coast- 

 1 i n e on the 

 Severn estuary 

 of 21 m. The 

 surface is gener- 

 a 1 1 y hilly, 

 especially in the N. and N.W., 

 where several summits exceed 1,500 

 ft., the highest being the Sugar 

 Loaf. Along the coast it is pro- 

 tected by earthworks. 



The chief rivers are the Wye, 

 Usk, Ebbw, Rhymney. and Mon- 

 now. Monmouth is the county 

 town, other places of importance 

 being Chepstow, Abergavenny, 

 Tredegar, Abertillery, Abersychan, 

 and Ebbw Vale. The urban 

 districts include also Abercarn, 

 Bedwellty, Blaenavon, Llantar- 

 nam, Panteg, Pontypool, Risca, 

 and Rhymney. The chief industry 

 is coal-mining, the S. Wales coal- 

 field stretching into the county. 

 The coal is found in the valleys in 

 the W. of the county, where many 

 populous towns have sprung up. 

 Wheat, rye, and other crops are 

 grown, but much land is given up 

 to sheep. Orchards are plentiful. 

 Away from the coalfield, the 

 county contains some magnificent 

 scenery. It is served by the G.W. 

 and L. & N.W. Rlys. and by 

 canals. Five members are returned 

 to Parliament. It is in the Oxford 

 circuit and the diocese of Llandaff. 

 Originally part of the Welsh 

 kingdom of Gwent, Monmouth- 

 shire remained in Wales until made 

 a shire in 1536. It had been 

 conquered by King Harold, and 

 herein the Normans built a number 

 of castles, which for long were 

 maintained to protect England 

 from the inroads of the Welsh. 

 The most notable were perhaps 

 those of Chepstow, Raglan, Caldi- 

 cot, Abergavenny, Penhow, Mon- 

 mouth, and Skenfrith. The county 



Monmouthshire. Map o! the English county on the border of South Wales 



contains Tintern and Caerleon. 

 Area, 546 sq. m. Pop. 450,700. 

 In literary matters the county is 

 associated with Geoffrey of Mon- 

 mouth and William Thomas, the 

 Welsh poet. Jeremy Taylor was 

 imprisoned in Chepstow Castle, and 

 the Wye inspired Wordsworth's 

 famous lines on that river. 



Bibliography. Handbook of the 

 Geography and History of Mon- 

 mouthshire, A. Morris, 1901 ; 

 History of Monmouthshire, J. A. 

 Bradney, 1904-11 ; Historical Tour 

 through Monmouthshire, W. Coxe, 

 1904 ; Shropshire, Hereford, and 

 Monmouth, A. G. Bradley, 1908. 



Monmouthshire Regiment. 

 Regiment of the British army, 

 established when the Territorial 

 Force was organized in 1907. It 

 consists of territorial or volunteer 

 battalions only, and in 1914 there 

 were three of these, one each at 

 Newport, Pontypool, and Aber- 

 gavenny. All were mobilised in 

 August and went to France early 

 in 1915. The 1st and 3rd battalions 

 were attached to the 5th Army 

 Corps, and all fought near Ypres in 

 April, 1915. See Territorial Army. 



Monoceros OB THE UNICORN. 

 Large constellation lying in the 

 celestial equator E. of Orion. It 

 is without any conspicuous stars, 

 but is noted for its multiple stars, 

 star clusters, and nebulae. 



Monpchlamydeous (Gr. monos, 

 alone, single; chlamys, cloak). Term 

 applied to plants whose flowers 

 have a single envelope or calyx. 

 See Flower. 



Monochord (Gr. chords, string). 

 Musical instrument with a single 

 vibrating string. On this the 

 acoustical intervals, octave, fifth, 

 fourth, major third, minor third, 

 etc., can be obtained by mathe- 

 matical ratio. See Acoustics ; 

 Harmonic Series. 



Monochrome (Gr. chroma, 

 colour). In art, a picture executed 

 in different tints of one colour, the 

 tints representing light and shade. 

 Thus a sepia (q.v. ) drawing is a 

 monochrome, but the term is not 

 confined to any one medium. 



Monocline (Gr. klinein, to in- 

 cline). In geology, term used for a 

 change in inclination or dip of the 

 strata of rocks, which afterwards 

 continue in their general original 

 direction. Such sudden changes 

 in rock strata occur in the Rocky 

 Mountains on a large scale. See 

 Geology ; Rocks. 



Monocoque (Fr., single shell). 

 In aeronautics, term applied to 

 aircraft bodies built up of a skin of 

 thin veneer wood or similar ma- 

 terial in the form of a single shell, 

 and depending on the strength of 

 the skin itself instead of upon an 

 internal framing. 



