MONOVAR 



!ill<>tti-<l \\iiltli ! Inn- is ncaring 

 completion, a bell automatically 

 the operator, and a small 

 .hil. oorered with figures and 

 1 1 -nut -i I tin- justifying scale, swings 

 into view. By a glance he is 

 ii.iMi-cl to know the space re- 

 .|un.-d to complete his line, this 

 calculation having been auto- 

 matically accomplished by the 

 scale, and the depression of the 

 requisite key completes the line, 

 i.e. the last perforation after the 

 hell rings will eventually mathe- 

 matically adjust a line by dis- 

 tributing spaces equally between 

 the words so that the line ends 

 evenly. 



Visualise the reel slowly 

 revolving in the process oi 



S493 



Reel of Paper 

 bting perforated 



Paper Winding 

 -Spool 



'Calculating 

 :aie for spaces 

 Bell 

 tine Counter 



Keel of perforated 

 - 



Case for ho/ding 

 the Matrices 



Operating Lever 



Bridge ^ 

 CamfWneel) 

 wrltiiigmectia, 

 which deli " 

 type 

 Startin 

 Handle 



Jump Piston 

 Jipace Mechanism 

 Centring PinTqr 

 Aligning Matrices 



m 



Stopping Handle 



Balance Weight/ 

 operating Cam / 



Water Drain 



Tray 



into rthich 

 type in lines 

 is delivered 

 'UetalPot 

 Bunsen Burners 

 \WindingHundlefbr 

 lowerlnq &.Raisinq 

 Metal Pot 



cylinder the myriad 

 holes pass over the 

 port holes one by 

 one, allowing the 

 compressed air 

 momentarily to es- 

 cape and pass 

 down the pipes to 

 actuate stops, 

 which, by bobbing 

 up and down under 

 the pressure of the 

 air, released 

 through the per- 

 forations, cause the 

 case containing the 

 dies or matrices 

 (each of these cor- 

 responding to every 

 key of the key- 

 board) to be moved 

 into such a position 

 that the matrix of any particular 

 letter is held for the fraction of a 

 second over a mould into which 

 molten metal is injected. The 



Monotype. The upper picture shows a keyboard 

 machine for preparing a perforated paper reel, which is 

 afterwards placed in position in the casting machine, 

 lower picture, and then, by means of compressed air 

 passing through the perforations, the mechanism auto- 

 matically casts the type, assembles it in words, and 

 properly spaces it 



perforation and rewinding itself 

 until the operator has finished his 

 MS. The perforated reel is now 

 detached and fitted into the cast- 

 ing mechanism, ^^^^^^^ mm 

 which begins 

 t o produce the 

 type at the end 

 of the copy and 

 works back to 

 the beginning 

 The reel is passed 

 over a chamber or 

 cylinder contain- 

 i n g compressed 

 air, along the 

 face of which is a 

 row of tiny por 

 holes leading to an 

 equal number ot 

 miniature pipes. 



As the reel I^HUHH 

 travels over the Mu:iieale, Sicily. F;.c.-.d: 01 ll.'th ce. 



MONRO 



ingle letter of type 

 thus cast it auto- 

 matically ejected 

 from the mould ; 

 the next following 

 dies of the word 

 being brought by 

 the actions above 

 described to the 

 mould, one after 

 another with light- 

 ning rapidity, until 

 the whole line, 

 evenly spaced, is 

 completed. One 

 keyboard operator 

 can do the work of 

 five hand com- 

 positors. 



The whole of the 

 text in this Encyclo- 

 pedia was set up by 

 the monotype. The 

 25 machines in use 

 by the Amalga- 

 mated Press, in 

 1921 produced 

 approximately 

 7,500,000 charac- 

 ters, or about 1,500,000 words a 

 week. See Compositor ; Forme ; 

 Intertype; Linotype; Newspaper; 



Printing. A. B. Blayney 



Monovar. Town of Spain, in 

 the prov. of Alicante. It stands on 

 the river Elda, 23 m. by rly. N.W. 

 of Alicante. Brandy is distilled, 

 and textiles, leather, and soap 

 manufactured. Pop. 11,200. 



Monreale. City of Sicily, in the 

 prov. of Palermo. It stands on the 

 slopes of Monte Caputo, 5 m. by 

 tram and rly. S.W. of Palermo. It 

 grew up round a monastery whose 

 church, founded in 1174 by William 

 II, was made, in 1182, the metro- 

 politan cathedral of Sicily. There 

 is considerable trade in wheat, 

 olive oil, and fruit. Pop. 23,600. 



Monro, SIR CHABI.ES CAR- 

 MICHAEL (b. 1860). British soldier. 

 Born June 15 ; 1860, he entered the 

 West Surrey 

 Regiment in 

 1879. He was 

 in charge of 

 the London 

 division of 

 Territorials, 

 1912-14 ; and 

 when the 

 Great War 

 began he 

 took the 2nd 

 Division to the front. In 1915 he 

 was given command of the 1st 

 Corps, and when the Third Army 

 was formed was placed at its head. 

 Soon afterwards, sent to report on 

 the position in Gallipoli, he suc- 

 ceeded Sir Ian Hamilton as com- 

 mander-in-chief and superintended 

 the evacuation. Returning to the 

 western front early in 1916, he took 



Sir C. C. Monro, 

 British soldier 



