MONTEREAU 



55O4 



MONTESPAN 



Montereau. Town of France, 

 in the dept. of Seine-et-Marne. It 

 lies at the meeting of the Yonne 

 with the Seine, 13 m. by rly. E. 

 of Fontainebleau, and is a rly. 

 junction on the main Paris-Sens 

 line. It has industries in porcelain, 

 pottery, brickmaking, tanning, 

 zinc-white, and cement. The church 

 dates from the 13th-15th centuries. 

 Montereau was the site of an 8th 

 century monastery of S. Martin 



Monterey Cypress. Leaves and fruit 

 of the Californian evergreen 



(Monasteriolum), and in the 14th 

 century belonged to the king of 

 Navarre. Here John the Fearless, 

 duke of Burgundy, was assassi- 

 nated in 1419. Near by was fought 

 the battle of Montereau, Feb. 18, 

 1814, when Napoleon defeated the 

 Wurttembergers and Austrians. 

 Pop. 8,600. 



Monterey. City and seaside 

 resort of California, U.S.A. It 

 stands on Monterey Bay, 125 m. 

 from San Francisco, and is served by 

 the Southern Pacific Rly. The in- 

 dustries include canning and fishing, 

 and it has a good harbour from 

 which large quantities of oil are 

 shipped. Owing to its beautiful 

 situation and mild climate, it is 

 visited by pleasure-seekers. In ap- 

 pearance it is still largely Mexican. 



The town owes its origin to a 

 mission founded by the Francis- 

 cans in 1770, although the site had 

 been visited and the place named 

 by a Spanish sailor nearly two 

 centuries before. It was then in the 

 Mexican pr*v. of California, being 

 for some years the capital. In 1846 

 it was taken by the U.S.A., and in 

 1849 the convention that drew up 

 the constitution of California met 

 here. In 1853 it was made a city. 

 As " the old Pacific capital," 

 Monterey is described by R. L. 

 Stevenson in Across the Plains. 

 Pop. 5,000. 



Monterey OR MONTERREY. City 

 of Mexico. The capital of the state 

 of Nuevo Leon, 1,625 ft. above 

 sea level, it is 165 m. W. of Mata- 

 moros, and is served by the Na- 

 tional and other rlys. Situated in 



a range of the Sierra Madre, amid 

 orchards and gardens, it is the 

 seat of a bishopric. There are 

 foundries, steel works, breweries, 

 saw and flour mills, large smelters, 

 and ice factories. Agriculture and 

 silver mining are engaged in. For- 

 merly called Leon, Monterey was 

 founded in 1560, and in 1599 be- 

 came a city under its present name. 

 In 1909 it was much damaged by 

 flood, and more than 1,000 people 

 lost their lives. There is a wireless 

 station here. Pop. 81,000. 



Monterey Bay. Indentation of 

 the coast of California, U.S.A. 

 About 24 m. broad at the entrance, 

 it forms a deep and commodious 

 anchorage, and has two light- 

 houses. On the N. shore is Santa 

 Cruz, and on the S. shore are 

 Monterey and Pacific Grove. 



Monterey Cypress (Cu- 

 pressus macrocarpa). Large ever- 

 green tree of the natural order 

 Pinaceae, a native of California. It 

 attains a height of over 50 ft., 

 growing very rapidly, and has 

 close set branches and minute 

 overlapping, scale-like dark green 

 leaves. 



Monte Rosa. Mountain mass 

 of the Pennine Alps (q.v. ) on the 

 Italo-Swiss border. It lies between 

 the canton of Valais and Pied- 

 mont, 50 m. E. of Mont Blanc. 

 Alt. 15,217 ft. Dufourspitze, the 

 highest summit, is in Switzerland, 

 and was first ascended in 1855 by 

 G. and C. Smyth, Hudson, and 

 their companions. On the N.W. is 

 the Gorner glacier, and on the S. 

 is the large Monte Rosa glacier. 

 An observatory was established 

 here in 1904 at an alt. of 15,000ft. 

 See Alps. 



Monies, ISMAIL (b. c. 1856). 

 Bolivian statesman. Educated for 

 the legal profession at La Paz Uni- 

 versity , he entered the army in 

 1879, serving in the Chilean War. 

 In 1893 he was acting minister of 

 war, and in 1894 became president 

 of the republic. He was minister 

 to Great Britain, 1910. President 

 once more in 1913, he brought 

 about the reform of the Bolivian 

 banking system in 1914. 



Monterey, California. House in which R. L. Stevenson 

 wrote The Silverado Squatters 



Monte San Giuliano (anc. 

 Eryx). City of Sicily, in the prov. 

 of Trapani.' It stands on the top 

 of a steep hill, alt. 2,465 ft., 

 overlooking the seaport of Tra- 

 pani, 25 m. N.N.E. of Marsala. It 

 has a cathedral dating from the 

 15th century, and restored in 1865. 

 The city occupies the site of the long- 

 famous Eryx (q.v. ), of which some 

 of the prehistoric and Phoenician 

 walls remain under the Roman 

 fortifications. Pop. 5,000. 



Monte Sant' Angelo. Town of 

 Italy, in the prov. of Foggia. It 

 stands on the S. slope of Monte 

 Gargano (q.v.), alt. 2,766 ft, 10 m. 

 by road N. of Manfredonia. It has 

 a picturesque 15th century castle, 

 and the church of S. Michele, built 

 in 491 over a grotto, a famous 

 pilgrim resort. Pop. 23,000. 



Montesarchio. Town of Italy. 

 It is 13 m. N.N.W. of Avellino in the 

 dist. of Benevento. On a neigh- 

 bouring hill was the old Samnite 

 Caudium (q.v.). Pop. 6,000. 



Montespan, FRANCHISE ATHE- 



NAIS DE ROCHECHOUART, MARQUISE 



DE (1641-1707). French courtier, 

 mistress of 

 Louis XIV. 

 Born at Ton- 

 n a y-C h a r- 

 ente, near 

 Rochefort, 

 she was the 

 daughter o f 

 the duke of 

 M o r t e mart, 

 and went to 

 court as a 

 maid -in -wait- 

 ing to the 

 queen in 1660. In 1663 she married 

 Louis, marquis of Montespan, by 

 whom she had two children. A 

 woman of great beauty, she earned 

 some notoriety by her indulgence in 

 black magic, and in 1667 became 

 the king's mistress, the children 

 of the union being made legiti- 

 mate by the king in 1673, and a 

 separation from her husband 

 being pronounced in 1674. After 

 1675 the liaison weakened, 

 though the marquise, displaced 

 now by Madame de Maintenon, 

 r c in a i n e d at 

 | court until 1691, 

 when she left Ver- 

 sailles for a reli- 

 gious life. She 

 died at Bourbon- 

 1 ' A r c h a m bault, 

 Allier, May 27, 

 1707. See Mem- 

 oires, 1829, Eng. 

 trans. 1895 ; M. 

 et Louis XIV, P. 

 Clement, 1869; 

 La Valliere et 

 Mme. de M., A. 

 Houssaye, 1895. 



Marquise de Mon- 

 tespan, 

 French court lady 



