MONTEZUMA 



5307 



MONTGOMERY 





Montezuma II, 

 Ruler o! Mexico 



inNVu Y..iU..hm.l7. IKI-.I. .S'eeLec- 

 Autobiography, 

 ; i. . i: r. l> \>.>. rgne, I'.iti'.i. 

 Montezxuua I (c. 1390-e. 1469). 

 'i Mexico. He began 

 in i I:;T n 

 'Minions to the Pacific and 

 the (l-ilf nl M'-vico, crush*-'! tin- 

 :lans, anncvl Clialco. and 

 .1 TrMo.-lititl.-ui. his capital, 

 mw r-j-"-i on the site of 

 which Mexico 

 City is built. 

 See Mexico. 



Monte- 

 zuma II 

 (1466 - 1520). 

 Last Aztec 

 ruler of Mexi- 

 co. Distin- 

 guished M 

 warrior and 

 legislator, he extended his con- 

 to Honduras and Nicaragua, 

 but his arrogance and despotism 

 led to the Spaniards, under Cortes 

 (1. ")!!), receiving a more cordial 

 welcome than they otherwise 

 might have had. He was killed 

 while a prisoner in Spanish hands. 

 Montferrat. Former duchy of 

 Italy. It was situated between 

 the republic of Genoa, the river 

 Po, and the Maritime Alps. Ruled 

 by its own margraves, it existed 

 from the dissolution of the empire 

 of Charlemagne about 900 until 

 1305. The duchy consisted of 

 upper and lower Montferrat, Casale 

 being the capital. The reigning 

 family, who laid claim to the 

 throne of Piedmont, ended with 

 John I, whose nephew, son of the 

 Empress Irene of Constantinople, 

 succeeded to the estates, and was 

 the first of the Montferrat-Palaeo- 

 logus house. On the extinction of 

 this family in 1533, the duchy 

 passed through the Gonzagas of 

 Mantua to Savoy, and in 1703 be- 

 came part of Piedmont. 



Montfort, SIMON DE (c. 1208- 

 65). English statesman. A 

 younger son of Simon de Montfort, 

 count of Tou 

 louse and earl 

 of Leicester,who 

 led the crusade 

 against the 

 Albigenses, he 

 inherited the 

 English earl- 

 dom, 1232, and 

 six years later 

 married a 

 younger sister of 

 Henry III. A!- 

 though long 

 suspected as a 

 foreigner, he 

 took a leading 

 position among the barons who 

 were opposed to the king. Simon's 

 unswerving love of justice, as he 



Simon de Montfort, 



as represented in a 



window, Cbartres 



Cathedral 



.(I it, his strong relit/ions 

 fcrliii'.', and H-" masti'rfulni'fts gave 

 him th" titli- of Kitl Simon the 

 < ma. Ho had at heart no less 

 what he conceived to bo the rights 

 of the people than the privileges of 

 the barons ; he desired the pre- 

 dominance of law, but, like Crom- 

 well, heconld see no security except 

 in what would have been virtually 

 his own dictatorship. 



In 1238 the contest with the 

 crown came to a head, and in 1259 

 Montfort and the barons forced 

 Henry to accept the provisions of 

 Oxford, which placed the govern- 

 ment of the country in the hands 

 of baronial committees, in each of 

 which Montfort was predominant. 

 In 1261 Henry renounced the pro- 

 visions. The dispute was referred 

 to the arbitration of Louis IX of 

 France, who gave his award, the 

 Mise of Amiens (q.v.), against the 

 barons, Jan. 23, 1264. Montfort 

 took up arms, routed and captured 

 the king at Lewes, May 13, and for 

 a year waa in effect dictator. In 

 Jan., 1265, he summoned what is 

 often called the parliament, which 

 for the first time included elected 

 representatives of the boroughs. 

 Now, however, those barons who 

 were jealous of Montfort's power 

 made common cause with the king, 

 and Montfort was defeated and 

 killed at Evesham, Aug. 4, 1265. 

 See Evesham ; Lewes ; consult also 

 Lives,v"G. W. 

 Prothero, 1877 ; 

 M.Creighton,1895. 



Mont Gene vre. 

 Pass of the Cottian 

 and Graian Alps. 

 Between Italy 

 and France.it con 

 nects the valleys 

 of the Dora Rip- 

 aria and the Du- 

 rance, on the road 

 from Turin to Bri- 

 an9on. Reaching 

 an alt. of 6,100 ft., 

 it is one of the 

 easiest of the Al- 

 pine passes. See Cottian Alps. 



Montgolfier, JOSEPH MICHEL 

 (1740-1810). French inventor. 

 Born at Vidalon-lez-Annonay, son 

 of a paper maker, he became in- 

 terested in aeronautics, and with 

 his brother, Jacques Etienne (1745- 

 99), studied 

 the possibilities 

 of making bal- 

 loons. Their 

 crude experi- 

 ments, 1782- 

 83, led to the 

 invention of 

 the modern 



hydrogen_ bal- Moutgolfler Brothers, 

 French inventors 



from a plaqut 



by Louis XVI, and Joseph was ap- 

 pointed to various office* by Napo- 

 leon. They wrote several hook* on 

 aeronautic*, including Les voya- 

 geurs acricn*, 1784. See Aeron- 

 autics; Balloon. 



Montgomerie, ALEXANDER (e. 

 ]:..-. inn ,. & "ttiah poet Son of 

 Hugh Montgomerie of Hessilbead 

 Castle, Ayrshire, he became at- 

 tached to the Scottish court under 

 the regent Morton, and travelled 

 on the Continent. His poems are 

 now only literary curiosities, with 

 the exception of" The Cherrie and 

 The Slae, a combination of love 

 poem and moral allegory, written 

 in the 14-line stanza, and abound- 

 ing in fine passages. They were 

 edited by Cranstoun for the 

 Scottish Text Society in 1888-87 ; 

 additions by G. Stevenson, 1910. 



Montgomery. MUM. borough 

 and county town of Montgomery- 

 shire, Wales. It stands near the 



Severn, 7 m. from , , 



Wulshpool, with 



a station on the 



Cambrian rly. The 



name is that of a 



Norman family, 



one of whom 



built a castle here 



about 1100. 



Around this the Montgomery arms 



place grew, becoming a chartered 



town in the 13th century. There 



are ruins of the castle which, long a 



Montgomery, Wales. Ruins of the ancient castle, 

 formerly held by the Mortimer family 



coveted stronghold, was destroyed 

 by the parliamentarians after 1644. 

 Market day, Thurs. Pop. 951. 



Montgomery. City of Ala- 

 bama, U.S.A., state capital, and 

 the co. seat of Montgomery co. It 

 stands on the Alabama river, at 

 the head of navigation for large 

 vessels, 17S m. by rly. N.E. of 

 Mobile, and is served by the Louis- 

 ville and Nashville and other riys. 

 A commercial and rly. centre, it 

 has steamship communication with 

 Europe, the Panama ports, and 

 New York. Prominent buildings 

 include the capitol and city hall 



One of the principal cotton 

 depots of the U.S.A., Montgomery 

 exports between 400,000 and 



