MONTPENSIER 



551 I 



MONTREAL 



inercial capital. 



Montpensier, ASM: MM:II: 

 S3, DUCIIESSK DE 



I Itii'T !:(). Bom in I 'aria, May 29, 

 in- was a daughter of Gaaton 

 us, the brother of Louis 



Mil. ami nuiM-d hopes of breom- 

 uro by a ni;r 



\\ ill) her coii -in LI in is X I V. In the 



I-Yoiide (q.v. ) La Grande Made- 



moselle MI led \\ith tin- princes. 

 :nnl took a ^pirited personal part 

 ill the capture of Orleans. In 

 In- took command at the 

 Hastillc, ami in the Faubourg St. 

 And line li^htini;, July 2, 1652, 

 tired on the ruyal troops. After the 

 collapse, she 

 retired to her 

 estates of St. 

 Fargeau until 

 1657. In 1681 

 she married 

 Antonin, duke 

 of I . . 1 1 1 /. u 1 1 

 (1632-1723), a 

 union which 

 Ducbesse de Mont- Louis had re- 

 pensier f use d ^ a n ow 



. !i -\i -11 years before, but it proved 

 unhappy. She died in Paris, leaving 

 Memoirs, not published until 1729, 

 which cover the period 1630-88. 



Montreal. Largest city of 

 Canada and the country's coin- 

 In the prov. of 

 Quebec, it 

 stands on an 

 island in the St. 

 Lawrence, 180 

 m. from Quebec, 

 420 m. from 

 New York, and 

 620 m. from 

 the sea. Its 

 population in 1911 was 470,480, 

 Laving nearly doubled since 1901. 

 In 1916 it was estimated, suburbs 

 included, at (ir.0,000. Themajority 

 are Krench, but there is a large 

 British element. 



In 1535 Jacques Cartier found 

 here nn Indian village named 

 Hochelaga, but the foundation of 

 the city was due to Maisonneuve, 

 who called it the Ville Marie de 

 .Montreal, Mont Real being the 

 name given to the hill behind the 

 >ct t lenient. The first settlers had a 

 difficult time in keeping back the 

 Indians, but before long their 

 home became the centre of the fur 

 trade. In 1760 Montreal was 

 taken by the British, and from 1844 

 to 1849 was the country's capital, 

 an honour it lost after a rising 

 in which a mob destroyed the 

 Parliament buildings. 



The I'.Hh century saw Mpntreal's 

 wonderful growth. A series of 

 improvements made the St. Law- 

 rence a continuous highway for 

 eidit months of the year, and the 

 city Locarno the head of ocean 

 navigation and the chief port for 



Montreal. 



Plan of the commercial capital of Canada, showing the principal 

 buildings and docks on the St. Lawrence 



the products of the W., which are 

 brought to it by rail or the Lachine 

 Canal; the natural advantages 

 were developed by a group of 

 enterprising merchants, and after 

 1857 Montreal grew rapidly in 

 wealth and population. Steam- 

 ship companies made it their 

 headquarters, and it became a 

 banking centre, and the business 

 metropolis of Canada. 



The city is built on a series of 

 terraces on the lower slopes of 

 Mount Royal, which rises to about 

 800 ft. The wholesale and finan- 

 cial offices are near the harbour ; 

 half way up comes the shopping 

 and retail centre, and still higher 

 the residential section. To the E. 

 is the French quarter, the English- 

 speaking inhabitants occupying 

 the W. streets and the adjoining 

 municipality of Westmount. Of 

 its eccleaiastical buildings the chief 

 are the Roman Catholic cathedral 

 of S. James, modelled on S. Peter's, 

 Rome ; Christ Church, the Angli- 

 can cathedral, S. James' Methodist 

 church, Notre Dame, and the 

 quaint Bonsecours church with its 

 aerial chapel. S. Sulpice, the house 

 of the wealthy Sulpicians, dates 

 from the period of the French r ule, 

 and so does the Hotel Dieu. In the 

 Place d'Armes is a fine statue of 

 Maisonneuve, and in Dominion 

 Square is one of Macdonald. 



The secular buildings include the 

 'lencrul, Royal Victoria, and other 

 hospitals, McGill University with 

 its many spacious buildings, Laval 

 University, and several theological 



colleges, the City Hall and other 

 public offices. The Chateau de 

 Ramezay, where the French gover- 

 nors lived, is now a museum. 

 Magnificent business premises, 

 among them the Bank of Montreal, 

 abound, as on the outskirts do 

 noble residences. The summit of 

 Mount Royal has been left as far as 

 possible in its natural condition to 

 form a public park of rare beauty. 

 The daily papers include The 

 Gazette and The Star, and several 

 important French publications. 



Montreal is the headquarters of 

 two great transcontinental railways, 

 the C.P.R. and the G.T.R. It* is 

 also served by the Inter-Colonial 

 and C.N. railways, and has direct 

 connexion with New York by 

 several American lines. Trains for 

 New York and the Maritime Pro- 

 vinces cross the St. Lawrence by 

 the Victoria Bridge, which also 

 carries road traffic, and a few miles 

 above the city the C.P.R. has its 

 own bridge. Shipping is the great 

 industry, and the harbour has 

 seven miles of deep water frontage, 

 along which are docks and build- 

 ings fitted with every modern con- 

 venience for dealing with wheat 

 and other commodities. It is the 

 summer port for many steamship 

 services that go from here up and 

 down the St. Lawrence, to Europe 

 in one direction and the Great 

 Lakes in the other. There are 

 flour mills, the shops of the C.P.R. 

 and manufactures. It is an im- 

 poitant banking centre. Its in- 

 dustries obtain ample electrical 



