MORAVIANS 



5524 



MORAYSHIRE 



Moravia for four years, became 

 king of Bohemia, and Moravia 

 became part of the empire de- 

 finitely under Hapsburg control. 

 In 1849 Moravia was separated 

 from Bohemia, and made a separate 

 province of Austria. See Czecho- 

 slovakia ; consult also Bohemia 

 and the Czechs, together with 

 Accounts of Moravia and Silesia, 

 W. S. Monroe, 1910. 



Moravians OK MORAVIAN BRETH- 

 REN. Protestant sect, also known as 

 the Unitas Fratrum or Bohemian 

 Brethren. For it descent is claimed 

 from a division of the Hussites at 

 Prague about 1450, which secured 

 episcopacy from a Waldensian 

 bishop in Austria in 1467, but en- 

 dured much persecution, especially 

 in Bohemia. In 1722 a few 

 families fled from Moravia to 

 Saxony under the leadership of a 

 carpenter named Christian David, 

 and united with a Lutheran com- 

 munity founded by Count Zinzen- 

 dorf (1700-60) at Berthelsdorf. 

 The community was originally 

 called Bethel and later Herrnhut 

 (the Watch of the Lord) ; it de- 

 finitely separated from Lutheran- 

 ism in 1727, when the title Mora- 

 vian Brethren was revived. Elders 

 were now elected ; and one of them 

 was consecrated as a bishop. 



Zinzendorf was banished from 

 Saxony in 1736 on a charge of 

 political intrigue, and spent the 

 rest of his life travelling about 

 Europe and establishing branches 

 of the sect. He visited England in 

 1737, and for a time had influence 

 with the Wesley s. In 1749 he pur- 

 chased Lindsey Place, Chelsea, and 

 secured a lease of the site of Beau- 

 fort House. The stables were 

 turned into a chapel, and the other 

 premises into a residence for the 

 families connected with it. Later 

 used as an orphanage, it was sold 

 in 1770. An Act of Parliament (22 

 Geo. II c. 30) was secured by Zin- 

 zendorf to exempt Moravians from 

 military service, and Bishop Wil- 

 son of Sodor and Man undertook a 

 general supervision of the com- 

 munity. A chapel was opened in 

 Fetter Lane, London, and several 

 branches were established in the 

 country, among them the com- 

 munity at Fulneck, near Leeds. 



The sect is said to number about 

 100,000 adherents ; and it had in 

 1921 in the United Kingdom 45 

 congregations and preaching sta- 

 tions with 5,539 communicants. 

 Organized in four provinces in 

 Great Britain, North America, 

 South America, and Germany, it is 

 famed for its missionary zeal, hav- 

 ing sent out over 2,000 mission- 

 aries to the heathen. Its theo- 

 logical position is practically that 

 of the Evangelical Lutherans. 



Moray. One of the ancient 

 provinces of Scotland. It included 



supporter of the reformed teach- 

 ing, he joined the lords of the con- 

 roughly the modern counties of gregation in opposing the queen 

 Moray, Nairn, and Banff, and part mother, and, having got military 



aid from England, brought about 

 the treaty of Edinburgh and the 



of Inverness. 



Moray OR MURRAY, EARL OF. 

 Scottish title borne since 1561 by 



departure of the queen's French 



the family of Stewart. Moray was auxiliaries. For a time after Mary 



the name of one of the seven old 

 Scottish earldoms, and early in the 

 14th century was held by Sir 

 Thomas Randolph, a kinsman of 

 Robert Bruce. After the death of 

 the 3rd Randolph, earl in 1346, it 

 was held by the English prince. 

 Henry, duke of Lancaster, and 

 then by several members of the 

 Dunbar family. A Douglas was 

 another holder, and there were 

 others, but no family held it very 

 long until it came to the Stuarts. 

 The best known of all the earls of 

 Moray was James Stewart, made 

 earl in 1561. The title passed to his 

 daughter's husband, another James 

 Stuart, and from him to his de 



returned from France, Moray had 

 great influence with her, but a 

 breach soon came, its immediate 

 cause being the marriage with 

 Darnley. Moray was exiled, and 

 he was still 

 away when, 

 on Mary's ab- 

 dication in 

 1567, he was 

 chosen regent. 

 He was res- 

 ponsible for 

 her defeat at 

 Langside, and 

 he ruled the 

 country, on 

 the whole suc- 



Earl of Moray, 

 Scottish noble 



scendants in turn until the present cessfully, until shot as he rode 



day. Alexander, the 5th earl (d. 

 1700), was secretary of state in 



through Linlithgow, Jan. 21, 1570, 

 by James Hamilton of Both well - 



Scotland before the Revolution of haugh. He was buried in S. Giles's, 



1689. Francis, the 9th earl, was Edinburgh. 



made a British peer as Baron Moray married a Keith, 



Stuart in 1796. The earl's eldest daughter of the 1st Earl Marischal, 



son is known as Viscount Doune. 

 Pron. Murry. 



Moray, JAMES STEWART, EARL 

 OF (c. 1530-70). Scottish noble. 

 An illegitimate son of James V, 

 his mother was Margaret Erskine. 



and left two daughters. His 

 character has been fiercely at- 

 tacked, especially his conduct 

 towards Mary, but there is no 

 reason to believe that he was more 

 treacherous, avaricious, or hypo^ 



He was sent to the university of critical than other nobles of his 

 S. Andrews, and was soon heard 

 of as leading a force that repelled 

 a small French invasion of Fife. 



A 



times. See Mary, Queen of Scots ; 

 Scotland. 



Moray Firth. Arm of the North 

 He became prominent in Scotland Sea on the N.E. coast of Scotland, 

 soon after the accession of his It extends inland for nearly 40 m. 



and has a breadth from Tarbat 

 Ness to Burghead 

 of 16 m., but is 

 sometimes s a id 

 to embrace the 

 whole extent of 

 water between 

 Duncansby Head, 

 in Caithness, to 

 Kinnaird's Head 

 in Aberdeenshire. 



Morayshire. 



Maritime co. of 

 Scotland, also 

 known as Elgin- 

 shire. Its area is 

 488 sq. m., and it 

 has a coast-line 

 of 33 m. on the 

 Moray Firth. The 

 co. is mountain- 

 ous in the S., 

 where are the 

 Cromdale Hills, 

 with heights ex- 

 ceeding 2,000 ft., 

 but it becomes 



Morayshire. Map of the maritime county on the east ' e . Si * ?, ^ the ] w 

 coast of Scotland, also called Elginshire district along the 



