MORLEY 



5534 



MORMONS 





of his generation. It was in one of 

 these moments that he declared the 

 central purpose of his life to be " to 

 make more men happy, and happy 

 in a better way." 



As a writer his style is studiously 

 balanced, never overloaded or 

 tawdry, never monotonous, but 

 carrying without effort a full 

 freight of thought, and capable of 

 rising on occasion into a moving 

 eloquence. Late in his life, when 

 his main work was done, he adopted 

 with a fine effect a graceful familiar- 

 ity, and softened in men's minds 

 the impression of a somewhat 

 austere virtue which his harping 

 on stern principles had created. 

 See Collected Works, 15 vols., 

 1920 ; British Political Leaders, J. 

 M'Carthy, 1903 ; John Morley and 

 other Essays, G. M. Harper. 1920. 

 Morley, SAMUEL (1809-86). 

 British merchant and philanthro- 

 pist. Born in London, Oct. 15, 



1-809, the son 



of a hosiery 

 manufacturer, 

 he was edu- 

 cated at pri- 

 vate schools, 

 and entered 

 the family firm 

 of I. and R. 

 Morley, of 

 which in 1855, 

 on the retire- 

 ment of his 

 brother, he became the sole owner. 

 Under his guidance it became the 

 largest of its kind, with several fac- 

 tories In and around Nottingham, 

 and branches all over the world. 



Morley was a strong Nonconfor- 

 mist, and was for years the leading 

 layman among the Congregationa- 

 lists, being a most generous sup- 

 porter of that cause, as well as of 

 other?. In 1865 he entered Parlia- 

 ment as M.P. for Nottingham, but 

 in 1866 he was unseated on a 

 petition against his return. In 

 1868 he was chosen Liberal M.P. 

 for Bristol, and he remained in the 

 Commons till 1885. His politics 

 centred mainly round his dislike 

 of an established Church. He was 

 eager to remove the disabilities of 

 the Nonconformists, and greatly 

 interested in education and tem- 

 perance, but being a practical busi- 

 ness man, he was also a useful 

 member when commercial matters 

 were under discussion. He died 

 Sept. 5, 1886, having refused a 

 peerage. Morley was at one time 

 a proprietor of The Daily News, 

 and for some years a member of the 

 London School Board. In 1912 his 

 eldest son, Samuel HopeMorley, was 

 made a peer as Baron Hollenden. 

 Morley, THOMAS (1557-c. 1603). 

 English composer. A pupil of Wil- 

 liam Byrd, he studied music at 



Samuel Morley, 

 British merchant 



Oxford, and in 1592 was made a 

 gentleman of the chapel royal. He 

 was at one time organist of S. 

 Paul's Cathedral, and in 1598 se- 

 cured a monopoly for the issue of 

 song books. He composed many 

 ballets, madrigals, and canzonets 



for voices as well , , 



a s instrumental 

 music, his out- 

 standing piece be- 

 ing the music to 

 It was a Lover 

 and His Lass, in 

 As You Like It. 

 His Plaine and 

 Easie Introduction 

 to Practicall Mu- 

 sicke, 1597, was 

 the first treatise of 

 this kind published 

 in England. 



Morxnal. For- 

 est of France in 

 the dept. of Nord. 

 It covers 38 sq. m., 

 and lies W. of the river Sambre, 

 between Valenciennes on the N. 

 and Landrecies on the S. It 

 was prominent in the Great War, 

 the British after their stand at 

 Mons retreating on the W. and E. 

 sides of it, and the Germans mak- 

 ing a forced march through it to 

 surprise the British at Landrecies 

 (q.v. ). Thereafter it remained in 

 the possession of the Germans un- 

 til its W. border was reached by 

 the British 3rd and 4th armies in 

 Oct., 1918, and by November 5 the 

 whole of the forest had been 

 cleared. See Sambre ; Valenciennes. 

 Mormon, BOOK OF. Scriptures 

 of the Mormon Church, purporting 

 to be a translation of an alleged 

 revelation to Joseph Smith. In 

 1827 Smith asserted that under 

 angelic guidance he had discovered 

 these scriptures engraved on a 

 number of gold plates which, by 

 Divine assistance, he professed 

 himself able to translate. The 

 work appeared in 1830, and is a 

 curious story of the prehistoric in- 

 habitants of N. America, couched 

 in an imitation of Biblical phraseo- 

 logy and full of anachronisms, 

 many of which were corrected in 

 subsequent editions. Smith as- 

 serted that the original was written 

 in "' reformed Egyptian " charac- 

 ters and in a dialect of Hebrew, 

 which he was able to translate by 

 looking through two crystals which 

 he called Urim and Thummim. 



The Book of Mormon was first 

 published for the " translator " by 

 E. B. Grandin of Palmyra, N.Y., 

 in 1830. Many editions have been 

 published in English ; and it has 

 been translated into many other 



Mormons. Usual designation 

 of a religious sect founded in U.S.A. 

 under the title of The Church of 

 Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 

 The origins of the Mormon religion 

 are to be found in the life of 

 Joseph Smith, upon whose alleged 



Mormon Temple at Salt Lake City, Utah, showing 

 statue of Brigham Young in foreground 



revelation their tenets are based. 

 Having produced the Book of 

 Mormon (q.v. ) and communicated 

 his " revelations " to his friends, 

 in 1830 he formally organized the 

 Church of which he was the pre- 

 siding elder. There were five other 

 members present, and from these 

 six arose the organization of the 

 Church of Latter Day Saints. The 

 earnestness of its founders, and 

 their advent at a time when re- 

 ligious revivals were stirring people 

 throughout the New England 

 states, caused the movement to 

 spread rapidly. From the begin- 

 ning a great feature of Mormonism 

 was the sending out of mission- 

 aries, and by the close of the year 

 many converts had been baptized. 

 The doctrines of the Church at that 

 time are described under the article 

 Mormons, Reorganized. 



In 1831 the Church moved to 

 Kirtland, Ohio, where a temple was 

 built, and the saints, as they 

 styled themselves, fully intended 

 to settle. The inhabitants, how- 

 ever, resented their intrusion, dis- 

 liked their doctrines, and finally 

 insisted upon their departure. 

 Ever moving westwards, the head- 

 quarters of the Church were trans- 

 ferred in 1838 to Far West, Mis- 

 souri. In a very short while 

 persecution once more broke out, 

 Smith and others were charged 

 with treason, and when they es- 

 caped, the Church moved to Com- 

 merce, Illinois, which they re- 

 named Nauvoo. Things were 

 better for a while, the city grew 

 rapidly, and it seemed as though 

 Zion had been reached. All this 

 while missionaries had been busy 



languages. The original MS is in in Europe, especially in England, 

 the custody of Frederick M. Smith, and the stream of immigrants 



of Independence, Mo., U.S.A. 



steadily increased. It was, how- 



