MORMONS 



5335 



MORNING GLORY 



e\er. Ml till- Illiilst of tlli- |iro.s|ielity 



that .l.p.-cph Sinitli received his 

 fatal "revelation" mi polygamy, 



IM:I. At in t ho and those to 

 uli -in IP- oommaniotted the re- 

 velation refrained from announc- 

 ing it to the world ; some of the 

 . indeed, whilst stoutly 

 deiiMnu tin' truth of the rumours 

 which had rapidly gone abroad, 

 were secretly |>ul Yfamist s. 



Amongst the Mormons them- 

 selves there was great opposition 

 to tin- doctrine, and in 1844 

 plurality of wives was denounced 

 in a Nauvoo paper. The indig- 

 nation of the Gentiles, as the Mor- 

 mons called their neighbours, was 

 intense, and they resolved to drive 

 tin- Mormons out by force. In the 

 commotion which ensued Joseph 

 Smith and his brother Hyrum, who 

 were in gaol on a charge of treason, 

 were dragged out and shot. After 

 much irresolution, Brigham Young 

 was elected first president and, 

 amidst the confusion in their own 

 ranks and the bitter hatred of 

 their neighbours, the Mormon 

 Church would have fallen to pieces 

 Itad it not been for his able though 

 unscrupulous management. 



In 1846, under his guidance, the 

 whole Church began the migration 

 westward, and in July, 1847, the 

 first party reached the Great Salt 

 Lake, near which they decided to 

 build their city. Crops were planted, 

 houses were built, yet another 

 temple erected and over all Brig- 

 ham Young ruled with a rod of 

 iron. The population continually 

 increased with immigration, and in 

 1852 numbered over 25,000. In 

 that year the polygamy revelation 

 was published and the Reorganized 

 Church broke away. Young had 

 been trying to obtain the recog- 

 nition of the Salt Lake settlement 

 as a state, under the name of 

 Deseret, but the publication of the 

 revelation was fatal to his hopes. 

 The Territory of Utah was or- 

 ganized instead, and Young was 

 made governor ; but he so misused 

 his power that troops were sent to 

 uphold government authority and 

 the Mormon War broke out in 1857. 

 There was, however, little friction 

 with the troops ; Young gave in and 

 never afterwards set himself so re- 

 solutely against the Federal power. 



From 1862 onwards the U.S. 

 government did its utmost to sup- 

 press polygamy, but with little suc- 

 cess until, in 1882, the Edmunds 

 law was passed, disfranchising all 

 polygamists and convicting nearly 

 500 persons of unlawful cohabita- 

 tion. Brigham Young had died in 

 1877, and in 1890 the president 

 of the Church, Wilford Woodruti, 

 published a manifesto advising his 

 followers " to refrain from contract- 



ing any marriage forbidden l>y the 

 law of the land." On the con- 

 dition that no plural marriages 

 should thenceforward take place, 

 Utah \\ . 1:1 IsiHJ, made a state, 

 i My polygamy was aban- 

 doned, but in 1003 Joseph Fielding 

 Smith (1838-1918), grand-mi of 

 the " prophet " and president of 

 the Church, admitted on oath that 

 since 1890 he had lived with his 

 four wives who had borne him 

 children. On Smith's death in 1918 

 the presidency was given to Heber 

 J. Grant, himself a polygamist. 



The doctrines of the Utah 

 Church, as distinguished from 

 those of the Reorganized Church, 

 are baptism for the dead, and 

 celestial marriage. The latter doc- 

 trine, which is so closely associated 

 with the popular conception of 

 Mormonism, teaches that, whereas 

 death dissolves all earth-made 

 marriages, a celestial marriage is 

 for eternity, and women who are 

 " sealed " to a man are his in 

 heaven where, the greater the 

 number of wives and children, the 

 greater the glory. Moreover, as 

 later teaching unfolded, the more 

 children that are begotten, the 

 more bodies are formed for the re- 

 ception of discarnate spirits. 



In the Court of Common Pleas, 

 Lake City. Ohio, it was decided in 

 1880 that the Reorganized Church 

 was, so far as property was con- 

 cerned, the legal successor and con- 

 tinuation of the Church founded 

 by Joseph Smith, but the main 

 body has always remained in com- 

 munion with Brigham Young and 

 his successors, in 1919 the numbers 

 being, Brighamites,403,391,and Re- 

 organized, 58,941. A. L. Hay ward 



Bibliography. History of Salt 

 Lake City, E. W. Tullidge, 1886; The 

 Founder of Mormonism, a Pyscho- 

 logical Study of Joseph Smith, I. 

 VV. Riley, 1902; The Story of the 

 Mormons, W. A. Linn, 1902; Scien- 

 tific {Aspects of Mormonism, N. L. 

 Nelson, 1904; The Mystery of Mor- 

 monism, S. Martin, 1920. 



Mormons, THE REORGANIZED. 

 Cnurch of Latter Day Saints. 

 After the death of Joseph Smith in 

 1844 a number of the Mormons, dis- 

 trusting Brigham Young and re- 

 fusing to acknowledge his election 

 to the presidency of the Church, 

 established in Zarahemia, Wiscon- 

 sin, the Reorganized Church of 

 Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, 

 1851-52. In 1860 they we're joined 

 by Joseph Smith, the " prophet's " 

 eldest son, who became president. 

 Repudiating the later doctrines of 

 polygamy and baptism for the 

 dead, they held to the original 

 tenets of the Church, which may be 

 thus summarised. 



By reason of the apostasy from 

 the primitive doctrines of the 



in Church, the authority to 

 administer in the ordinances of the 

 Gospel was lost Thin author- 

 ity was restored to earth by . 

 -id ministration in J82 and 

 and men were net apart to servo 

 in the various grades of the priest- 

 hood These men and their suc- 

 cessors in the work taught the 

 principles of the Gospel, including 

 those enumerated in the epistle to 

 the Hebrews ; faith, repentance, 

 baptism by immersion in water, 

 laying on of hands (for the healing 

 of the sick, conferring of the Holy 

 Ghost, ordination, and blessing of 

 children), etc. As a result, it is 

 claimed that the promised gifts and 

 powers of the gospel are enjoyed 

 by the faithful ; including the 

 gifts of prophecy, revelation, 

 healing, visions, tongues, etc. The 

 " Saints " look forward to the 

 second personal advent of Christ. 

 Another ideal is that of a people 

 gathered and educated in righteous- 

 ness, equal in all things temporal 

 and spiritual The present head- 

 quarters of the Church are in Inde- 

 pendence, Missouri, U.S.A. See 

 History of the Church of Jesus 

 Christ of Latter Day Saints, H. 

 C. Smith, 1901. 



Morning. Early part of the day, 

 the part before noon, i.e. before 12. 

 The word morrow was at first 

 synonymous with morning, as in 

 the phrase good morrow, but it is 

 now used for the following day. A 

 morning gift was one given to a 

 bride by her husband on the morn- 

 ing after marriage. See Day ; Time. 

 Morning Advertiser, THE. 

 London morning newspaper and 

 organ of the Licensed Victuallers' 

 Association. It was established 

 Feb. 8, 1794. Under the editor- 

 ship (1850-71) of James Grant, it 

 was one of the first of the London 

 papers to accept Routers tele- 

 grams. Lord Brougham and Sir 

 David Brewster were among its 

 early contributors, and its editors 

 have included Captain Hambcr, 

 Col. Alfred B. Richards, and 

 Hamilton Fyfe. In 1854 it led 

 a campaign against the Prince 

 Consort, and 

 later it was 

 a vigorous 

 opponent of 

 the policy of 

 W. E. Glad- 

 stone. 



Morning 

 Glory (/po- 

 rn e a pur- 

 />area).Major 

 Convolvulu s 

 of the seeds- 

 man, A twin- 

 ing, climbing 



Morning Glory. Spray herb f * he 

 of foliage and flower natural order 



