MOSELEY 



populous suburbs, intersected by 

 boulevards. 



The Kremlin, or citadel, in the 

 centre of the city, is the domin- 

 ating feature. This ancient resi- 

 dence of the tsars, with its five 

 gates and 18 towers, built origin- 

 ally of wood, was one of the few 

 places which escaped the great fire 

 of 1812. The walls were erected by 

 Ivan III. In the cathedral of the 

 Assumption, or Uspenski cathe- 

 dral, originally the burial place of 

 the patriarchs, the tsars were 

 crowned and proclaimed by the 

 ringing of the great bell, Ivan 

 Veliky, or Big John. The huge 

 belfry, with a carillon of 32 bells, 

 was begun by Feodor Ivanovitch 

 and completed by Boris Gudunov 

 in 1600. The famous Tsar Kolokol 

 or king of bells, the largest hi the 

 world, cast in 1735 and cracked in 

 the foundry, stands on a pedestal 

 opposite Ivan Veliky. It is 19 ft. 

 high, 66 ft. in circumference, and 

 weighs 200 tons. 



Moscow, sometimes called the 

 Holy City and Little Mother, is a 

 city of churches, of which there are 

 over 400. Many are richly coloured 

 and have gilded domes. The 

 cathedral of the Archangel Michael, 

 completed 1508, contains the tombs 

 of Peter II and Ivan the Terrible. 

 The cathedral of the Annunciation 

 has nine domes, each surmounted 

 by a golden cross. The cathedral of 

 S. Basil, facing the historic Bed 

 Square, was begun by Ivan the 

 Terrible in 1554 to commemorate 

 the conquest of Kazan. It has 12 

 multicoloured domes. The church 

 of the Saviour was consecrated in 

 1881 to commemorate the destruc- 

 tion of Napoleon's army in 1812. 



The secular buildings include the 

 university, founded 1775, contain- 

 ing a library of 400,000 vols., the 

 Rumiantzev Museum, and the 

 Tretiakov picture gallery. There 

 are also theological, technical, and 

 agricultural institutes, and schools 

 of painting and engineering. Men- 

 tion may be made of the Gostiny 

 Dvor, a bazaar with over 1,200 

 shops, Petrovsky Palace, and the 

 Sukharev Tower, a Gothic structure 

 erected by Peter the Great in 1689. 



Commercially Moscow ranked 

 next to Petrograd. It had a large 

 trade in textiles, foodstuffs, paper, 

 tobacco, chemicals, leather, and 

 machinery. Owing to its posi- 

 tion, connecting it by rly. with 

 Petrograd, Jaroslav, and Nijni- 

 Novgorod, and by river with the 

 Baltic and the Caspian, it was the 

 centre of the internal trade of 

 Russia. It had a large overland 

 trade with the E. Since the revolu- 

 tion the industries have declined. 



Moscow is mentioned in the early 

 chronicles in 1147, when it was a 



5548 



small village. The city was built by 

 Prince Yuri Dolgoruki on the site 

 of the Kremlin. It did not attain 

 any real importance, however, 

 until 1325, when the metropolitan 

 Peter transferred his seat from 

 Vladimir - on - the - Klyasma, and 

 made Moscow the religious capital. 

 It became the capital of the em- 

 pire in the reign of Ivan III, 1462- 

 1505. Moscow was repeatedly 

 ravaged by the Mongols and the 

 Tartars. During the invasion of 

 Russia by Napoleon, Sept. 2, 1812, 

 it was practically burned to the 

 ground, three-fourths of the houses 

 being destroyed, and the fire last- 

 ing four days. The work of re- 

 building the city began in 1813. 



In 1918 the Soviet government 

 transferred the seat of government 

 from Petrograd to Moscow. Pop. 

 c. 1,000,000. See Kremlin ; consult 

 also The Story of Moscow, Wirt 

 Gerrare, 1912 ; Moscow, H. M. 

 Grove, 1912. R- M. Birkmyre 



Moseley. Suburb of Birming- 

 ham, England. It comprises the 

 ecclesiastical districts of St. Anne 

 and St. Mary in the S. of the city. 

 The station on the M. Rly. is 3J m. 

 S. of New Street station. See 

 Birmingham. 



Moselle. Delicate, aromatic 

 wine, generally of the white 

 variety. It has a low percentage of 

 alcohol, and is made from grapes 

 grown in the lower valley of the 

 Moselle. Unlike most wines, Mo- 

 selle does not improve by keeping. 

 It is either still or sparkling. The 

 latter is distinguished by a pro- 

 nounced grape flavour, and is one 

 of the lightest of effervescing wines. 

 Among the chief brands are Zeller, 

 Zeltinger, Berncastler, Schwarz- 



Moses. Sculpture representing the 

 law-giver o Israel, by Michelangelo 



Church of S. Pietro in Vineoli, Rome 



berger, Brauneberger, Piesporter, 

 and Muscatel. Like hock, Moselle 

 is grown on terraced vineyards, 



MOSES 



the best wine being that from 

 slopes most exposed to the sun. 

 Moselle OR MOSEL. River of 

 France and Germany. It rises in 

 the S. Vosges, near Bussang, and 

 flows in a N.W. direction into Lor- 

 raine. At Toul it turns N., skirts 

 Luxemburg, and passes into Ger- 

 many, following a winding course 

 to the N.E. until it reaches the 

 Rhine at Coblenz. Its chief tribu- 

 taries are the Vologne, Meurthe, 

 Seille, Orne, Sarre, and Kyll, and 

 the chief towns on its banks are 

 Remiremont, Epinal, Toul, Pont-a- 

 Mousson, Metz, Thionville, Treves, 

 Berncastel, Cochem, and Coblenz. 

 Its length is 320 m. It was promi- 

 nent in the Great War in the battles 

 of Morhange (q.v.) and Nancy 

 (q.v.). See Epinal. 



Mosely, ALFRED (1855-1917). 

 British merchant. Born Oct. 13. 

 1855, he was educated at Bristol 

 Grammar 

 School. Early 

 in life he went 

 to S. Africa, 

 and acquired 

 wealth in the 

 diamond 

 fields, which 

 enabled h i m 

 to retire. Dur- 

 ing the S. Afri- 

 c a n W a r he 

 equipped a 

 hospital at Cape Town, and in 

 1900 was created C.M.G. Having 

 returned to England, he assisted 

 Joseph Chamberlain in his Tariff 

 reform propaganda. In 1902 he 

 organized and sent to the United 

 States, at his own expense, an 

 industrial commission, and in 

 1903 'an educational commission. 

 In 1907 Mosely sent 700 school 

 teachers from England to America 

 to study methods of education in 

 the U.S.A. and Canada. He died 

 at Hadley Wood, July 23, 1917. 



Moses. Hebrew law-giver and 

 leader of the Israelites from Egypt. 

 Son of Amram, a Levite, and 

 Jochebed, and younger brother of 

 Miriam and Aaron, he was adopted 

 by Pharaoh's daughter, and 

 brought up as an Egyptian prince. 

 According to the Biblical narrative 

 (Exodus Deut. ), after slaying an 

 Egyptian taskmaster who had ill- 

 treated an Israelite, he fled to 

 Midian, and married Zipporah, 

 daughter of Jethro, a. shepherd. 

 At Mt. Horeb he received a Divine 

 command to return to Egypt, from 

 which he later led the Israelites to 

 the confines of Canaan, receiving 

 the Decalogue from Jahveh, at Mt. 

 Sinai. After glimpsing the Promised 

 Land from Pisgah, he died at 

 the age of 120 years, leaving two 

 sons. Gershom and Eliezer. He 

 was buried in an unknown grave. 



Alfred Mosely, 

 British merchant 



Elliolt & Fry 



