Steering 



Accelerator wneef 

 Hand 

 Brake 



Carburetter 



Magneto / Clutch 

 y ' ' ' Pedal 



Motor Car. 



The cbassis of a 1921 type ol standard light car, photographed from above 



By courtesy of The Autocar 



under the reaction of the drive. 

 This tendency is resisted either by 

 two rods running from projections 

 on the top and bottom of the casing 

 to a cross member of the frame ; or 

 by a tube enclosing the propeller 

 shaft, bolted at the rear end to the 

 differential gear box, and provided 

 with a ball-joint at the front end, 

 where it connects with the change 

 gear-box casing and protects the 

 universal joint. 



The gear-reduction is distributed 

 between (1) the gear box, (2) the 

 differential, and (3) the chain 

 wheels, if chain drive be used. 

 When the engine is driving direct, 

 the gear box, the only variable 

 factor, is in effect eliminated. 



To make a smooth gear change 

 without shock, it is necessary that 

 the two gear wheels about to be 

 engaged shall have the same cir- 

 cumferential speed. The speed of 



the shaft C (Fig. 4), permanently 

 connected with the road wheels, 

 cannot be altered quickly, but 

 shafts A and B can be slowed by 

 de-clutching or throttling-down 

 the engine (all gears being dis- 

 engaged) ; or accelerated by speed- 

 ing up the engine. To pass from a 

 lower to a higher gear (that is, one 

 which moves the car faster) the 

 driver throttles-down the engine 

 and de-clutches. 

 Shafts A and B 

 lose speed by fric- 

 tion, and a slight 

 pressure on the 

 lever causes the 

 sliding pinion, 

 previously moving 

 too slowly rela- 

 tively to its fixed 

 partner, to engage. 

 The clutch is at 

 once thrown in 



and the engine accelerated. To 

 change down, A and B must 

 be momentarily speeded-up by 

 putting the gear lever in neutral 

 position and allowing the engine to 

 quicken till the teeth on the fixed 

 gear wheel are moving as fast as 

 those on the sliding gear to be en- 

 gaged. The clutch is meanwhile 

 almost disengaged, so that it may 

 slip if the gears take hold while 



Motor Car. Contrasting types illustrating development of the private motor car in 24 years. 



Top, right, 6 h.p. 1-cylinder Daimler car, submitted to the Prince of Wales (Edward VII) in 



1897 ; below, 45 h.p. 6-cylinder Daimler car, 1921 typ: 



By courtesy of Daimler Motor Co., Ltd. 



travelling at some- 

 what different rates. 

 STEERING GEAR. 

 The steering wheel is 

 mounted on the 

 upper end of a shaft 

 which runs through 

 a tubular fixed pillar 

 and has a worm at its 

 lower end. The worm 

 engages with a 

 toothed quadrant re- 

 volving in a vertical 

 plane and turning a 

 short shaft, from 

 which projects a 

 short ball-ended 



