MOTOR CAR 



5559 



MOTOR CAR 



45 



41 



14 



15 



16 



Motor Car. Pictorial diagram showing principal parts : 1. Radiator. 2. Radiator filler cap. 3. Bonnet. 4. Engine. 

 5. Bulb born. 6. Petrol filler cap. 7. Petrol tank. 8. Dashboard. 9. Wind screen. 10. Steering wheel 11. Hand 

 throttle control. 12. Ignition control. 13. Starting handle. 14. Front axle. 15. Steering arm. 16. Dynamo. 

 17. Magneto. 18. Wiring to sparking plugs. 19. Oil tiller. 20. Electric .engine starter. 21. Pinion drive for starter. 

 22. Fly-wheel. 23. Cone clutch. 24. Clutch pedal. 25. Throttle pedal. 26. Brake pedal. 27. Brake lever. 28. Gear 

 box. 29. Gear lever. 30. Brake. 31. Universal joint. 32. Tool space. 33. Transverse frame members. 34. Silencer. 

 35. Exhaust pipe. 36. Longitudinal frame members. 37. Torque tube. 38. Driving shaft. 39. Bevel drive and differ- 

 ential. 40. Rear spring. 41. Front spring. 42. Tyre. 43. Mudguard 44. Body boot. 45. Hood. 46. Body frame- 

 work. 47. Cushioned seat 



Feed from-, 

 Tank 4\ 



..T 



lever. A rod connects this lever 

 with another lever projecting from 

 the back of the right-hand front 

 wheel stub axle forging. A move- 

 ment of the steering wheel causes 

 the axle to rotate horizontally on 

 a pivot through part of a circle, 

 deflecting the wheel mounted on it. 

 The two road wheel axles are con- 

 nected together by a transverse 

 rod attached to arms which are not 

 at right angles to the axles, but con- 

 verge towards, or diverge from, 

 one another. 



BRAKES. Two 

 independent sets 

 of brakes are 

 fitted to a motor 

 car : usually a 

 band-brake, o n 

 the wheels direct 

 or through the 

 transmission 

 gear, and internal 

 expanding brakes 

 pressing on 

 drums attached 

 to the driving 

 The first is generally con- 

 trolled by a pedal, the 

 second by a hand lever. 



Fig. 8 shows the work- 

 in g of an expanding 

 brake. A is the brake 

 strap riding on rollers 



B, B 1 , B J , B s of spider 



C, and D a rod attached 

 to the rim of the brake 

 to prevent it from turn- 

 ing. E is a toggle gear ; 

 F, operating arm pivoted 

 at G and linked to toggle, 



connexion. A spring J is connected 

 to a fixed arm K, holding the arm 

 F back and so keeping the brake 

 strap clear of the brake drum M 

 which is attached to the wheel To 

 operate the brake the connexion N 

 is drawn to left when the link L 

 is pressed downwards, thus spread- 

 ing toggle arm and expanding 

 brake strap against the brake 

 drum. 



WHEELS. Wire-spoked wheels, 

 being stronger and lighter than 



. AirControl 

 } /Throttle Control 

 / ' Sparking 



I 7^ 



\ I Cooling Up 



" Fir~ -- ' 



Compression 

 Tap 



Hiqh tension 

 y -Wire 



wheels. 



-' Motor Cycle. Pictorial diagram showing arrange- 

 bemg the operating men t of internal combustion engine. See next page 



wooden " artillery " wheels, have 

 become popular for touring cars, 

 though much more difficult to 

 clean. This defect is remedied part- 

 ly by enclosing the spokes with 

 vulcanite or metal disks. Wheels 

 fashioned by welding two metal 

 stampings together are as easy to 

 clean as wooden wheels and con- 

 siderably stronger. All up-to-date 

 cars have interchangeable wheels 

 which can be quickly detached 

 from their axles, or wheels with 

 detachable rims. 



STEAM CABS. Leaving heavy lor- 

 ries out of consideration, steam- 

 driven cars have fallen into dis- 

 favour, though in quietness and 

 smoothness of running they equal 

 some of the best petrol cars, but are 

 less cleanly, more troublesome to 

 look after, and less quickly started 

 up ; and their water supply must 

 be replenished frequently. Three- 

 cylinder single-acting poppet-valve 

 and two-cylinder double-acting 

 slide valve engines are used. The 

 boiler is of the flash or semi-flash 

 variety, heated by a paraffin 

 burner automatically controlled by 

 the steam pressure. The drive is 

 through a differential gear. 



ELECTRIC CARS. Though the effi- 

 ciency of accumulator batteries has 

 been increased considerably in re- 

 cent years, the electrically driven 

 car is still only in its infancy. 

 The road-wheels are driven either 

 by motors mounted on the axles, 

 or through a propeller shaft and 

 differential gear similar to those of 

 a petrol car. No clutch or change - 

 speed gear is required, and reversal 



