MOULTON 



5564 



MOUNET-SULLY 



Moulton, RICHARD GREEN 

 (1849-1924). Anglo-American man 

 of letters. Born at Preston, Lanca- 

 shire, May 5, 1849, brother of Lord 

 Moulton, he was educated at 

 Christ's College, Cambridge, and 

 London University. He was a uni- 

 versity extension lecturer, 1874-90, 

 and in 1891 he settled in the U.S.A., 

 where for a time he followed the 

 same career. In 1892 he was made 

 professor of English literature at 

 Chicago, and in 1901 head of the 

 department of general literature. 

 A scholarly interpreter of Shake- 

 speare, Moulton wrote, among other 

 works, .Shakespeare as a Dramatic 

 Artist, 1885. 3rd ed. 1897 ; Shake- 

 speare as a Dramatic Thinker, 

 1907 ; The Literary Study of the 

 Bible, 1899 ; The Modern Study of 

 Literature, 1915. He was also re- 

 sponsible for The Modern Reader's 

 Bible, a rearrangement of the Bible 

 according 

 to modern 

 ideas. 

 He died 

 Aug. 1 5, 

 1924. 



Mound. 



Hillock of earth or 

 stones, especially 

 when heaped up arti- 

 ficially. In the Missis- 

 sippi basin and the 

 American Gulf states 

 are numerous pre- 



Columbian structures by aborig- 

 inal agricultural peoples, hence 

 called mound - builders. The 

 mounds are conical, pyramidal, 

 animal-shaped, or mural. Their 

 use was sepulchral, for ritual, 

 domiciliary, or defensive. The coni- 

 cal grave-mounds, 6 ft. to 300 ft. 

 across, and up to 100 ft. high, 

 resemble the European barrow and 

 tumulus. The largest, at Grave 

 Creek, Moundsville, W. Virginia, 

 320 ft. across, 70 ft. high, has two 

 stone-capped timber chambers ; 

 one with two skeletons, the other 

 30 ft. above it with one. The con- 

 tents of the graves included shell 

 beads and copper bracelets. The 

 flat-topped pyramidal mounds, 

 usually four-sided, may have a 

 terrace or stairway. 



Cahokia mound, Illinois the 

 largest U.S. earthwork is 1,080 ft. 

 by 710 ft., 99 ft. high, and sur- 

 rounded 

 by about 

 70 lesser 

 mounds. 

 Et o wah 

 mound, 

 Georgia, 



is 380 ft. by 300 ft., 

 61ft. high. The effigy 

 mounds, mostly in 

 Wisconsin, represent 

 panthers, turtles, 

 birds, and other forms, 

 often associated with 



Mound constructed by tribes of N. America. 1. Section and plan of mound 

 at E. Dubuque, Illinois. Vault measured 13 ft. x 7 it., and contained 11 

 skeletons. 2. Avondale mounds, Washington co., Mississippi, a typical series 

 of mound tombs. 3. Burial of a chieftain, illustrated by De Bry (c. 1620). 

 Tribesmen mourn around the mound, about the base of which arrows are 

 stuck in the ground. On the mound is the chief's shell cup 



mural earthworks up to 900 ft. 

 long. The so-called Elephant 

 mound bore a much-discussed 

 effigy 140 ft. long. In Ohio the 

 Serpent mound bore a sinuous em- 

 bankment 4 ft. high, 1,330 ft. long ; 

 the so-called Alligator mound may 

 represent a lizard. In Georgia two 

 represent birds. The strongholds, 

 comparable with British earth- 

 works, notably in Ohio, exhibit re- 

 markable precision in their geo- 

 metrical forms. The trees on some 

 mounds, when first observed by 

 Europeans, date them at least two 

 centuries before the discovery of 

 America ; some are undoubtedly 

 older. The cultural remains point 

 to immigrant influences from the 

 W. which farther S. developed the 

 Mexican teocalli and the worship 

 of serpent and sun See Celt ; 

 Tumulus. 



Bibliography. Mound- builders, 

 J. P. McLean, 1879 ; Burial Mounds 

 of the Northern Sections of the 

 United States, Cyrus Thomas, 1887 ; 

 Report on the Mound Explorations 

 of the (American) Bureau of Eth- 

 nology, Cyrus Thomas, 1894. 



Mound Bird. Popular name 

 tor the Megapodes, a family of 

 game birds that deposit their 

 eggs in mounds of decaying veget- 

 able matter, where they are hatched 

 by the combined heat of the sun 

 and of the decomposition of their 

 surroundings. There are about 15 

 species, found mainly in Austral- 

 asia and the Pacific islands, of 

 which the Brush turkey is a well- 

 known example. 



Moundsville. City ot West 

 Virginia, U.S.A., the co. seat of 

 Marshall co. On the Ohio river, 

 11 in. S. of Wheeling, it is served 

 by the Baltimore and Ohio rly., 

 and river steamers. In the locality 

 is a remarkable mound-builders' 

 structure, from which the city is 

 named. Pop. 10,700. See Mound. 



Mounet-Sully, JEAN (1841- 

 1916). French actor. Born at Ber- 

 gerac, Feb. 27, 1841, he studied at 

 the Paris con- 

 servatoire, and 

 made his first 

 appearance as 

 King Lear at 

 The Odeon in 

 1868. Having 

 served during 

 the Franco - 

 Prussian War, 

 he reappeared 

 in 1872 as 

 O re st e in 

 Racine's Andromaque, at the 

 Comedie Fran9aise, where he re- 

 mained the principal actor. He 

 was regarded as one of the greatest 

 tragedians of the 19th century. 

 He died in Paris, March 1, 1916. 

 His younger brother, Paul Mounet 

 (d. 1922), was also an actor. 



Jean Mounet-Sully 

 French actor 



