MOUTH 



Correze and Le Moustier in Dor- 

 dogne, whence the name. ~ The 

 flints include side-scrapers, points, 

 lance-heads ; sling-stones and rude 

 bone tools are also found. Stations 

 existed from Oayford in the 

 Thames valley eastward to Asia 

 Minor and the Nile valley. 



Mouth. Cavity in the face of 

 human beings and other animals. It 

 contains the tongue and the teeth, 

 and through it food passes into the 

 body, and speech and other sounds 

 proceed. The mouth is closed by 

 the lips, and its roof is known as the 

 palate. To it also belong the gums. 

 By analogy the word is applied to 

 the outlet of anything, e.g. the 

 mouth of a river, or of a bottle. See 

 Anatomy ; Animal ; Lip ; Man ; 

 Teeth ; Tongue. 



Mouthpiece. Part of a wind 

 instrument through which it is 

 blown. The word is used especially 

 for independent parts, such a the 

 small tubes of the flageolet and 

 flute-a-bec, and for the cup-shaped 

 mouthpieces of brass instruments. 

 See Embouchure. 



Moville. Market town of co. 

 Donegal, Ireland. It stands on the 

 W. side of Lough Foyle, 19 m. from 

 Londonderry. It is a port of call 

 for vessels and is a pleasure resort. 

 Market day, Thurs. Pop. 1,000. 

 Another Moville is in co. Down, near 

 Newtownards. Here are remains 

 of the abbey founded by S. Finian. 

 Mowbray, BARON. English 

 title dating from 1283. Notable of 

 the early members of the Norman 

 family of Mowbray were Roger, one 

 of the barons who rose against 

 Henry II, and William, who was 

 among the barons who forced 

 Magna Carta from John. A later 

 Roger was summoned to Parlia- 

 ment as a baron in 1283, and his 

 son John was hanged for rebelling 

 against Edward II. John, the 4th 

 baron, married a great heiress, and 

 their younger son, Thomas, who 

 became the 6th baron, was made 

 earl of Nottingham and duke of 

 Norfolk. In 1475, with the death 

 of John, the 4th duke, the male 

 line of the Mowbrays became ex- 

 tinct. The estates were divided 

 between the families of Howard 

 and Berkeley, and the barony fell 

 into abeyance. In 1877 it was re- 

 vived for Alfred Joseph, 20th 

 Baron Stourton, and his son Charles 

 became, in 1893, the 24th baron 

 Mowbray. Bramber Castle, Sussex, 

 was one of the seats of the Mow- 

 brays. See Norfolk, Duke of. 



Mowing. Operation of cutting 

 a fodder crop, either by a mowing 

 machine or by the scythe, the 

 latter being also used at times 

 for cereals. A good scytheman, 

 swinging the' implement from the 

 body, and not employing arm 



Sir B. G. A. Moyni- 

 ban, British surgeon 



.Elliott A Fry 



5572 



work only, can mow about two 

 acres per day. The point of the 

 scythe is put in at the required 

 height, and swung evenly through 

 so as to leave a level stubble. 



A mowing machine is a two- 

 wheeled machine used for cutting 

 grass and seed crops. The work 

 is done by sharp "fingers" at- 

 tached to a finger beam, or cutting 

 bar, which adjusts itself to the 

 shape of the ground. See Scythe. 



Moynihan, SIR BERKELEY 

 GEORGE ANDREW (b. 1865). British 

 surgeon. Born at Malta, Oct. 2, 

 1865, a son of 

 Capt. Andrew 

 Moynihan, 

 V.C., he was 

 educated at 

 the Royal 

 Naval School, 

 and took h.ia 

 medical de- 

 grees at Lon- 

 don Univer- 

 sity, studying 

 medicine also 

 at Leeds and Berlin. He practised 

 in Leeds, where he was appointed 

 professor of clinical surgery in the 

 university and honorary surgeon 

 to the genera! infirmary. Knighted 

 in 1912, he served throughout the 

 Great War with the R.A.M.C., 

 reaching the rank of major-general. 

 He has written books on surgery. 



Mozambique, OR MOGAMBIQUE. 

 City and seaport of Portuguese E. 

 Africa. It stands on a small coral 

 island of the same name, at the 

 mouth of Mosuril Bay, 3 m. from 

 the coast. It has a harbour, and the 

 forts, built by the Portuguese soon 

 after its foundation in 1508. still 

 stand. There are a number of other 

 16th century buildings. At one 

 time the capital of the province, 

 its importance as a port declined 

 during the 19th century chiefly 

 owing to the growth of Louren9O 

 Marques. Its full name is San Sebas- 

 tian de Mozambique. Pop. 4,300 

 Mozambique was originally the 

 name of the island only. Dis- 

 covered by Vasco da Gama in 1498, 

 this then contained a considerable 

 Arab settlement. The name be- 

 came also that of the town founded 



MOZART 



by the Portuguese, and was later 

 extended to include the Portu- 

 guese possessions on the mainland. 

 See East Africa, Portuguese. 



Mozambique Channel. Strait 

 of Africa. It is between the coast of 

 Portuguese East Africa and the 

 island of Madagascar, and was at 

 one time a noted resort of .pirates 

 and slave-raiders. 



Mozarabes. In Spain, term ap- 

 plied to those Christians who, under 

 the Moorish domination, main- 

 tained their old life and religious 

 practices amid the Moslems, as in 

 Toledo. The liturgy preserved by 

 these people is known as the Moz- 

 arabic, Gothic, or Isidorian, and the 

 introduction of the Roman rite 

 was frequently resisted by the 

 Mozarabes, e.g. in Castile and Leon, 

 1077, and Toledo, 1085. Gradually 

 the use was suppressed or died out, 

 but the rite is still performed in the 

 Mozarabic chapel in the cathedral 

 of Toledo and at Salamanca. See 

 Moors ; Spain. 



Mozart, WOLFGANG AMADEUS 

 CHRYSOSTOM (1756-91). Austrian 

 composer. Born at Salzburg, Jan. 

 27, 1756, he was the younger child 

 of Leopold Mozart, director of 

 music to the archbishop of Salz- 

 burg. At an exceptionally early 

 age Mozart displayed musical 

 powers of a remarkable character. 

 At four he composed piano music, 

 and at six his piano playing was so 

 extraordinary that his father took 

 him and his sister on a concert tour 

 to Munich and Vienna. The follow- 

 ing year they started upon another 

 tour which extended over three 

 years, during which they visited 

 many cities in Germany, also Paris 

 and London. 



After his return to Salzburg in 

 1766 Mozart devoted himself large- 

 ly to composition, his works includ- 

 ing instrumental music, church 

 music, and operas ; he also made 

 several short tours in Italy, where 

 some of his operas were produced. 

 For a time he was in the service of 

 the archbishop of Salzburg, but the 

 harsh treatment he received led to 

 his quitting this in 1781 and sett- 

 ling in Vienna, where he married 



Mozambique. Portuguese East Africa. Principal square, with the old Government 

 house in centre and new hospital on right ,- 



