MUD-FISH 



Mud-fish. Popular name ap- 

 plied to several species of fwh con- 



-( ilut in/ i In- l.ini 1 - I '. i.itiidmi- 



M ml-h'sh. Pictorial diagram show- 

 ing the African species in its hole 



tidae and Lepidosirenidae, and the 

 sub-class Dipneusti or Dipnoi. The 

 first family, consisting of the single 

 Queensland species, Neoceratodus 

 forsteri, is described in the article 

 Ceratodus (q.v.). The Lepidosirens 

 consist of three specimens of Pro- 

 topterus, natives of mid-Africa, 

 and the S. American Lepidosiren 

 paradoxa of the Amazon and its 

 affluents. Protopterus annectans is 

 an eel-like fish, about 6 ft. long, 

 with slender and feeble paired 

 fins, useless for locomotion, which 

 devolves chiefly upon the tail. It 

 subsists upon frogs, crustaceans, 

 worms, and insects in the shallow 

 water of river marshes ; has a lung 

 in addition to gills, and has to rise 

 to the surface repeatedly to re- 

 plenish it with fresh air. 



It aestivates through the hot 

 season when the pools dry up, by 

 boring into the mud to a depth of 

 1} ft., then coiling on itself, and 

 secreting from the skin a coating 

 of mucus which hardens into a 

 cocoon. A tubular opening con- 

 nected with its mouth enables it to 

 breathe, and in this way it waits 

 for the rainy season to release it, 

 living in the meantime on the fat 

 stored around its kidneys. See 

 Bowfin ; Fish. 



Mudford, WILLIAM HBSEL- 

 TDJK (1839- 

 1916). British 

 journalist. Son 

 of William 

 Mudford, some 

 time editor o 1 

 The Courier, 

 and after- 

 wards pro 

 prirtor of The 



Kentish Ob- w ^ Mudlord) 

 server and British journalis. 



5375 



The Canterbury Journal, he began 

 journalistic life as a reporter. Fur 

 i t mi he acted as local correspond- 

 ent of The Standard, and jonim" 

 the gallery staff of that paper in 

 the early 'sixties, in 1873 became 

 its business manager. By the will 

 of the proprietor, James Johnstone, 

 in 1878, he was left editor for life. 

 ITndrr his control, The Standard 

 became one of the great forces in 

 London journalism. Ho retired in 

 1900, and died as the result of an 

 accident, Oct. 8, 1916. See Stan- 

 dard, The. 



Mudgee. Town of New South 

 Wales, Australia. It is 190 m. by 

 rly. N.W. of Sydney, and was long 

 the railhead of a branch of the 

 Western Line, which is now ex- 

 tended to Dunedoo. Pop. 3,600. 



Mud Guard. Guard of metal or 

 wood placed over each wheel of a 

 bicycle, motor cycle, or motor car 

 to protect the rider or occupants 

 from mud splashes. It is the 

 equivalent of the splash-board of a 

 horse-drawn vehicle. See Bicycle. 

 Mudie, CHARLES EDWARD (1818- 

 90). Founder of Mudie's Library. 

 The son of a newsagent, he was 

 ^^^BB^^^^^^M born in Chel- 

 sea, Oct. 18, 

 1818. In 1840 

 he started in 

 business for 

 himself as a 

 bookseller in 

 Southampton 

 Row, Blooms- 

 bury, and did 

 also a little 

 p u b 1 i s h i ng, 

 but a development came when he 

 began to lend books on business 

 lines. The idea caught on, and in 

 1852 he moved Mudie's select 

 library, as he called it, into New 

 Oxford Street. He died Oct. 28, 

 1890. The business, soon known in 

 every part of the land, became a 

 limited company in 1864. Outside 

 his business Mudie, who was a Con- 

 gregationalist, is known as the 

 author of several hymns. 



Mudros. Town and bay on the 

 S. coast of the Greek island of 

 Lemnos, in the Aegean Sea. During 

 the Great War its port became the 

 chief naval base for the Dardan- 

 elles operations, and in addition 

 was used as a military base for the 

 campaign in Gallipoli. The arm- 

 istice between the Allies and 

 Turkey was signed here, Oct. 30, 

 1918. See Aegean Sea ; Gallipoli, 

 Campaign in ; Lemnos. 



Mud Volcano. Small volcano, 

 the cone of which consists chiefly 

 of solidified mud. These volcanoes 

 discharge mud and gases, chiefly 

 hydrocarbons, and may reach a 

 height of two to three hundred feet. 

 They occur not only in volcanic 



MUFFLE 



C. E. Mudie, 

 Library founder 



region*, but in non-volcanic area*, 

 e.g. near Baku, on the Caspian Sea. 

 Muezzin (Arab, muadhdhin, 

 one who calls to prayer). Official in 

 a mosque who proclaims the times 



Muezzin calling the faithful to prayer, 

 from the painting by V. L. Gerome 



tiy cottrleiy of (Joupil & Co. 



ot prayer. In the Mahomedan day 

 there are five times for prayer : 

 dawn, noon, 4 p.m., sunset, and 

 midnight. The call, which ia 

 sounded from the minaret, consists 

 of the following sentences : Allah is 

 great (thrice) ; There is no God 

 but Allah (twice) ; Mahomet is the 

 Prophet of God (twice) ; Come to 

 prayer (twice) ; There is no God 

 but Allah (twice). Appointed by 

 the imam (q.v. ) of the mosque, the 

 muezzin is an official of some im- 

 portance, and in virtue of his office 

 is entitled to a place in Paradise. 

 See Mahomedanism ; Mosque. 



Muff (Old Fr. moufle, thick 

 glove). Article of dress, open at 

 either end, and made of fur, velvet, 

 silk, etc., padded with cotton wool, 

 and carried to keep the hands 

 warm. In the 17th and 18th cen- 

 turies muffs were used by men as 

 well as women. Snuftkin or snos- 

 kyn is an old word for a muff. 



Muffle. In metallurgy, a con- 

 tainer used for smelting a sample 

 of metal or ore, or for heating a 

 metal article out of contact either 

 with the heating fuel or with the 

 products of combustion. Usually 

 roughly box-like in form, and made 

 of fireclay or other refractory 

 material, closed except for a small 

 opening at one end, it ia placed 

 with its contents in a furnace so 

 that the hot gases may pass round 

 it and heat it to the necessary de- 

 gree. Muffles are also used in 

 assaying and in tempering or 

 hardening of metals. 



