MUFIMBIRO 



MUKDEN 



Mufimbiro OR MFIMBIRO. 

 Range of active volcanic mountains 

 of Africa. They are N. of Lake 

 Kivu, partly in Congolese territory 

 and partly in Uganda, and attain 

 an alt. of nearly 15,000 ft. They 

 were first seen by Captain Speke in 

 1861. The range consists of eight 

 prominent peaks, of which Kari- 

 sembi, 14,780 ft. in alt., is the 

 highest. The other principal peaks 

 are Muhavura, Mikeno, Visoke, 

 Sabinio. Namlagira, and Nina 

 Gongo. See On the Congo Frontier, 

 E. M. Jack, 1914. 



Mufti (Arab., a teacher of the 

 law). Mahomedanexpounder of the 

 law according to the Koran and oral 

 tradition. A powerful class of 

 theologians, the muftis deliver 

 judgements and decisions on canon 

 law, which are embodied in fetwas 

 or memoranda. The Turkish Grand 

 Mufti, known as Sheikh-ul-Islam, 

 who is appointed by the sultan, is 

 the theological head of the Maho- 

 medan religion in Turkey, and by 

 his fetwa can depose the sultan, 

 as in the case of Abdul Hamid, 

 1909, or proclaim a Holy War, aa 

 was the proceeding adopted by 

 Turkey when she entered the 

 Great War, Nov. 15, 1914. 



The word mufti is also applied to 

 civilian costume worn by an officer. 

 Of Anglo-Indian origin, the term 

 probably likened the easy civilian 

 costume to the flowing robes of the 

 Mahomedan lawyers. 



Muggletonians. English re- 

 ligious sect. It was named after 

 Lodowicke Muggleton (1609-98), 

 an apprentice to his cousin, William 

 Reeve, a Puritan, and a journey- 

 man tailor. Muggleton declared 

 that he stood in the same relation 

 to Reeve that Aaron stood to 

 Moses, and the two, professing the 

 gift of prophecy and declaring that 

 they were the two witnesses fore- 

 told in Rev. xi, 3-6, attracted a 

 large following. They taught that 

 God has a human body ; denied the 

 existence of the Trinity ; held that 

 the Devil became incarnate in Eve, 

 and that God the Father suffered 

 on the Cross, leaving Elijah to 

 govern in Heaven while He came 

 to earth to die. See Reeve and 

 Muggleton's Transcendent Spiritual 

 Treatise, 1652; Acts of the Wit- 

 nesses, with Letters and Auto- 

 biography, L. Muggleton, 1699; 

 Complete Collection of the Works 

 of Reeve and Muggleton, 1756, 

 reprinted 1832. , 



Mugwort (Artemtsia vulgaris). 

 Perennial herb of the natural 

 order Compositae, native of Europe, 

 Asia, and N. Africa. It has erect, 

 reddish, grooved, and branching 

 stems. The alternate broad leaves 

 are deeply cut into long-pointed 

 segments, and the lower surface is 



Mugwort. Spray of foliage and 



flowers. Inset, left, single flower ; 



right, segmented leaf 



white and silky. The small reddish- 

 yellow flower-buds form slender 

 sprays. See Wormwood. 



Mugwump. Political nickname. 

 Derived from an American Indian 

 word meaning great chief, it is 

 applied in the U.S.A. to inde- 

 pendent voters who do not support 

 the programme of any party. The 

 term, applied disparagingly, was 

 flung, during the election of 1884, 

 at aU who declined to be satisfied 

 with the policy of either party. 



Muhlberg. Town of Germany. 

 In Prussian Saxony, it stands on 

 the right bank of the Elbe, 35 m. 

 N.N.W. of Dresden. The church 

 dates from the 13th century. There 

 is a trade in timber and agricultural 

 produce, while beet sugar is manu- 

 factured. After being long part of 

 Saxony, the town was given to 

 Prussia in 1815. Pop. 3,500. 



Muhlberg is famous for the 

 battle fought here between the 

 emperor Charles V and John 

 Frederick, elector of Saxony, 

 April 24, 1547. With the assistance 

 of Maurice of Saxony, Charles 

 suddenly invaded Saxony, which 

 its ruler, John Frederick, hastened 

 from S. Germany to defend. The 

 armies met at Muhlberg, where, 

 after a short, sharp struggle, the em- 

 peror's troops, aided by the genius 

 of Maurice, were victorious. John 

 Frederick was taken prisoner and 

 signed a treaty surrendering his 

 electorate to Maurice. 



Muhlhausen. Town of Ger 

 many, in Prussian Saxony. It 

 stands on the Unstrut, 25 m. from 

 Gotha, with which it is connected 

 by rly. Of many old buildings, the 

 chief are the medieval town hall 

 and the churches of S. Mary and 

 S. Blasius, both 14th century 

 edifices. Around the old town are 

 modern suburbs. There are manu- 

 factures of textiles, machinery, 

 chemicals, and leather. After being 

 in Thuringia, it was made a free 

 city, but this privilege was taken 

 away in 1802, and in 1815 it became 

 part of Prussia. Pop. 35,000. 



Muilrea. Mt. in the S.W. of co. 

 Mayo, Ireland. It stands on the 

 N. side of Killary Bay, one of the 

 finest inlets in the country. Alt. 

 2,688 ft. 



Muir Glacier. Alaskan glacier 

 fed by the heavy snowfall common 

 to the N.W 7 . of N. America. It 

 discharges into Glacier Bay, a fiord 

 to the W. of Juneau. Nine ice 

 streams flow from an amphi- 

 theatre on Mt. Fairweather, 35 m. 

 across, to form the main stream, 

 which is from 6 to 10 m. wide and 

 terminates in an ice cliff at the head 

 of the bay. The cliff was much 

 broken in 1899 by an earthquake ; 

 it advances about 7 ft. daily during 

 its period of greatest movement, 

 but has receded 25 m. since 1794. 

 The base of the cliff is 900 ft. thick 

 and 760 ft. below sea level. Giant 

 bergs break away and float sea- 

 wards. 



Muirkirk. Town of Ayrshire, 

 Scotland. It stands on the river 

 Ayr, 26 m. from Ayr, and is served 

 by the Cal. and G. & S.W. rlys. 

 The buildings include the parish 

 church and the Baird Institute. 

 The chief industries are coal and 

 ironstone mining and ironworks, 

 to the development of which the 

 place owes its growth. Pop. 5,000. 



Mukden. City of China, the 

 capital of Manchuria and Fengtien 

 (Sheng King) province, also known 

 as Fengtien. Mukden is the cradle 

 of the Manchu dynasty, which 

 reigned over China for 268 years. 

 In the vicinity are the tombs of the 

 Imperial family. The circuit of the 

 town walls is 10 m., with an inner 

 wall of 3 m. containing the palace 

 and government buildings. The 

 town was opened to foreign trade 

 by agreement with the U.S.A. in 

 1903. It is served by the Peking- 

 Mukden Rly., and by the South 

 Manchuria Rly. Pop. 172,000. 



Mukden, Manchuria. Scene in on 

 of the main thoroughfares 



