MULE 



5578 



MULHEIM 



Mule. 



Specimen of the hardy draught animal, useful 

 for rough work in hilly country 



of exceptional height and are kept 

 almost exclusively for this pur- 

 pose. A good specimen of mule may 

 stand 16 hands high at the withers 

 and be almost equal in strength to 

 a horse of the same size. The long 

 ears, small hoofs, and tendency 

 to a tufted tail always distinguish 

 the mule from the horse. 



Mules are exceedingly useful 

 animals for draught and pack work, 

 especially in mountainous and diffi- 

 cult country, being much hardier 

 than the horse, less liable to disease, 

 less particular in the matter of food, 

 of greater endurance, longer lived, 

 and very sure footed. A mule is 

 fit for work when four years old, 

 is at its prime from eight to twelve, 

 and will continue to work well 

 till fourteen or fifteen. In spite of 

 its proverbial character, the mule 

 is not as a rule obstinate when well 

 treated, but is particularly docile. 

 See Animal ; Horse ; consult also 

 Horses, Asses, Zebras, Mules and 

 Mule Breeding, W. B. Tegetmeier 

 and C. L. Sutherland, 1895. 



Mule. Machine used for spin- 

 ning. It was invented by Samuel 

 Crompton and improved by Rich- 

 ard Roberts, both of whom were 

 connected with the textile industry 

 in Lancashire. 



The mule is an intermittent 



machine for con- 

 verting rovings 

 into yarn, and it 

 performs a com- 

 plex cycle of 

 movements. The 

 rovings are drawn 

 from large bob- 

 bins carried upon 

 the upright creel 

 at the back of the 

 machine, and 

 they pass through 

 pairs of geared 

 rollers which 

 draft or elongate 

 the lightly twisted 

 roving. The 

 material is carried 

 forward to an 

 inclined spindle 

 mounted upon the movable carriage 

 of the mule. The spindle is driven 

 by a band from the cylinder known 

 as the tin roller. In course of 



Mulgrave Castle, Yorkshire. Ruins of the Saxon 

 stronghold built on the site of a Roman castle 



operations the carriage carrying 

 the spindles travels forward, thus 

 stretching the roving, and during 

 this period the spindle is turning at 

 high speed without winding up the 

 yarn. Stretching and twisting 

 going on simultaneously, the weak 

 places in the roving are continually 

 being reinforced, as the twist lends 

 strength to the weak portions. The 

 carriage backs slightly, and the 

 speed of the spindles is reduced. 



The carriage be- 

 gins to run in, and 



the yarn stretched 



and twisted on the 



outward journey 



is wound upon the 



spindles during the 



inward run, the 



position of theyarn 



being controlled 



meanwhile by the 



movement of 



taller and counter - 



laller wires. 



Mule used in cotton spinning. The machine illustrated 



has 1,300 spindles, spinning and winding 4,000 miles of 



thread in a day 



The mule 

 machine belongs 

 pre-eminently t o 

 the Lancashire 



cotton industry, and it gives a full 

 and spongy yarn. Mules of a slightly 

 modified type are used for woollen 

 and, especially upon the Continent, 

 for worsted. More floor space is oc- 

 cupied by mules than by the con- 

 tinuous spinning frames, and more 

 skill is required in their manipula- 

 tion, but with suitably adjusted 

 mule machinery yarns of every 

 variety from the coarsest to the 

 ultra-finest are produced in perfec- 

 tion. The mule is capable of great 

 delicacy, and its details have been 

 the subject of immense study. See 

 Cotton ; Spinning. 



Mulgrave Castle. Seat ot the 

 marquess of Normanby at Sands- 

 end, near Whitby, in Yorkshire, 

 England. In the grounds are 

 the remains of the llth century 

 stronghold of a Saxon duke named 

 Wada. About 1625 the property 

 passed to Edmund, Lord Shef- 

 field of Butterwick, created earl 

 of Mulgrave, a 

 title revived in 

 1812 in favour of 

 Sir Henry Phipps, 

 an ancestor of 

 the marquess of 

 Normanby 



Mulhacen 



OR MULAHACKN, 



CERRO DE. Moun- 

 tain of Spain, in 

 the prov. of 

 Granada. The 

 culminating point 

 of the Sierra 

 Nevada, it is 

 the loftiest 

 peak in Spain, 

 reaching an alt. 



of 11,420 ft. The snow line occurs 

 at approximately 10,000 feet 



Miilheim. Name of two towns 

 and river ports in Germany, one of 

 which is situated on the Rhine 

 and the other on the Ruhr. 



Mulheim-am-Rhein is in the 

 Rhine province of Prussia. Stand- 

 ing on the right bank of the Rhine, 

 almost opposite Cologne, it i 

 virtually a suburb of that city, 

 adjacent to Deutz. The hand- 

 some Gothic church is a modern 

 edifice. The river harbour is com- 

 modious. It has manufactures ot 

 chemicals, textiles, electrical and 

 other machinery and tobacco, and 

 there is a trade in wine along the 

 river. It became a corporate 

 town in 1322, and its prosperity 

 was largely due to the settlement 

 of Protestants exiled from Cologne 

 Pop. 51,000. 



Mulheim-an-der-Ruhr is also in 

 the Rhine province. It stands on 

 the Ruhr, 16 m. from Diisseldorf, 

 on the Westphalian coal and iron 

 field. The chief building is the 

 Great Church begun in the 12th 

 century. Most of the others, which 



