MliLLER 



MULTAN 



Kail 0. Miiller, 

 German archaeologist 



his History 

 and Antiqui- 

 ties of the 

 Doric Race, 

 1839; a Scien- 

 tific System of 

 Mythology, 

 1844; Ancient 

 Art and its 

 Remains or a 

 Manual of the 

 Archaeology of Art, 1850; History 

 of the Literature of Ancient Greece, 

 1840-2. He died at Athens, Aug. 

 1, 1840. 



Miiller, WILLIAM JOHN (1812- 

 45). British painter. Born at 

 Bristol, June 28, 1812, he was the 

 son of a 

 German, J. S. 

 Muller, cura- 

 tor of the 

 Bristol Mu- 

 seum. A pupil 

 of J. B. Pyne, 

 landscape 

 painter, he de- 

 veloped great 

 W. J. Muller, facility and 



British painter painted nu- 

 merous water-colours. He travelled 

 on the Continent and in Egypt 

 and Asia Minor, making many 

 sketches on his tours, but exhibited 

 only a few pictures at the R.A., 

 the British Institution and Society 

 of Artists. He died at Bristol, 

 Sept. 8, 1845. In 1841 he pub- 

 lished Illustrative Sketches of the 

 Age of Francis I. The Tate Gal- 

 lery possesses examples of his 

 work in oils, as Dredging on the 

 Medway, and An Eastern Street 

 Scene, and a large selection of his 

 water-colours. 



Mullet. Name applied gener- 

 ally to the numerous species com- 

 prised in two unrelated genera of 

 marine food fishes. The Red 

 mullets (Mulliis), of which there are 

 about 40 species, are represented 

 in Great Britain by the common 

 red mullet of the markets. It has 

 a fine flavour, and its beautiful 



Mullet. Specimen of Red Mullet. 

 Mull us barbatus 



colour adds to its attractive- 

 ness. Grey mullets (Mugil) in- 

 clude about 70 specieSj of which 

 three occur in the British seas. 

 They are found largely in the 

 brackish water of river estuaries, 

 and are important food fishes. 



Mullet. In heraldry, a star oi 

 five, six, or more points. It is the 

 mark of cadency (q.v.) for the 

 third son and his house. When 



borne pierced, mullets undoubtedly 

 represent spur rowels. They differ 

 from stars, the latter having wavy 

 points. These, however, are dis- 

 tinctions of later heraldry, though 

 there has always existed a con- 

 fusion between " estoiles " and 

 " molets." See Cadency 



Mulligatawny (Tamil, milagu- 

 tannir, pepper water). Soup made 

 hot with curry-powder. Boiled 

 fowl and rice form a usual basis, 

 though other meat may be used. 



Mullingar. Market town and 

 county town of co. Westmeath, Ire- 

 land. It stands on the Brosna river 

 and the Royal Canal, 50 m. from 

 Dublin. It has a station on the 

 M.G.W. Rly., on which system it is 

 a junction. The buildings include 

 the Roman Catholic cathedral for 

 the diocese of Meath and those 

 erected for county business. There 

 is a trade in agricultural produce, 

 and a few manufactures, while im- 

 portant horse and cattle fairs are 

 held. Founded by the English soon 

 after the conquest of Ireland, 

 Mullingar had two religious houses 

 and a castle. Until 1800 it sent two 

 members to the Irish Parliament. 

 Market day, Thurs. Pop. 5,500. 



Mullion. In architecture, the 

 vertical division between the lights 

 of a window. It originated with the 



Mullion. Window with simple stone 

 mullion, A. In section this may be 

 plain or moulded, as shown beneath 



reduction in width of the solid pier 

 (q.v.) or piers between coupled 

 lancet windows, and is mainly a 

 development of late Gothic build- 

 ing. In church architecture and 

 that of large domestic dwellings, 

 the mullion is of stone, in lesser 

 structures of wood. The traditional 

 mullion of the 15th century is a 

 splayed or moulded shaft, but with 

 the spreading of Renaissance in- 

 fluences this gave place to a rect- 

 angular shaft scrolled with a 

 floriated or arabesque design ; the 

 Tudor mullion is mainly of this 

 description. In pure Renaissance 

 work the mullion disappears. 



William Mulready. 

 British painter 



Mullion. Village and parish of 

 Cornwall. It stands on Mount's 

 Bay, 5 m. from Lizard Head, and 

 7 m. from Helston. It has an old 

 church, S. Melan's, in which are 

 some interesting carved bench 

 ends. Mullion Cove, or Porth- 

 mullion, is a fine cove. It can be 

 reached by road from Helston 

 Pop. 730. 



Mulock, DINAH MARIA. Maiden 

 name of the British authoress, Mrs. 

 Craik (q.v.). 



Mulready, WILLIAM Q786- 

 1863). British painter. Born at 

 Ennis, co. Clare, Ireland, April 1 

 1786, he re- 

 moved with 

 his family 

 from Dublin 

 to London in 

 1792. A pupil 

 of Baynes, he 

 received i n- 

 struction from 

 Banks, the 

 sculptor, and 

 entered the 

 R.A. schools in 1800. In 1802 he 



ained the silver palette of the 

 ociety of Arts for painting, ex- 

 hibited at the R.A. in 1804, and 

 between 1807 and 1809 illustrated 

 children's books. He painted 

 mainly genre pictures in the style 

 of the Dutch masters, but later 

 developed a more personal manner. 

 He died in Bayswater, July 7, 1863. 

 Mulready's best pictures include 

 Choosing the Wedding Gown, The 

 Sonnet, The Convalescent, all in 

 the Victoria and Albert Museum, 

 South Kensington; The Bathers, 

 The Toy Seller, both ia the 

 National Gallery of Ireland ; and 

 The Last In and others in the Tato 

 Gallery, London. 



Mulready designed the first penny 

 postage envelope, issued in 1840. 

 The Mulready envelope, as it was 

 called, bore on its face an allegori- 

 cal representation of Britannia 

 sending out messages all over the 

 world by means of elephants, etc., 

 and was effectively caricatured by 

 John Leech hi Punch. As time 

 went on, the envelopes became 

 scarce, and perfect specimens are 

 much valued by collectors. 



Multan OR MOOLTAN. Div. and 

 dist. of India in the Punjab. The 

 div. comprises the six districts of 

 the S.W. of the prov. The people 

 are chiefly Mahomedans. A third 

 of the area is cultivated, wheat and 

 cotton being the chief crops. The 

 dist. consists of the S. of the Bari 

 doab. The rainfall is only 6 ins. per 

 annum, and cultivation, which only 

 covers a quarter of the area, is 

 entirely dependent upon irrigation 

 Wheat is the main crop. Area, di v . , 

 31 218 sq. m. ; dist., 6,107 sq. m 

 Pop., div., 3,821,000; dist., 815,000. 



