MUL.TAN 



Multan OR MOOLTAN. City of 



In. lii. in the Punjab, on theChenab 

 lirln\\ its ruiiihii-Mi \\ith the Ravi. 

 A ti'Mii i if -rcat antiquity, it ha 



! untied us the capital of the 

 M-illi. \V!K> IT conquered by 

 Al'-vui'lrr the C-.i-at when ho in- 

 the Punjab. The principal 

 Imililings are twn Uftnomeaan 

 shrini > ai:<l tin- n-in lina of an old 

 Ilin In temple. Multan is a great 

 tradiii'4 centre, wliicli (-.llccts 



. \\heit. wool, etc., for ex- 



iloxvn the Indus valley, .mil 



supplies Afghan traders from Kan 



nith indigo, cottons, sugar, 

 and shoes in exchange for dni'js. 

 ra\\ silk, and spices. It has raanu- 



- of shawls and carpets. 

 1',.].. !l!l.l>M). 



Multiplane. Aeroplane in 



the lifting surfaces are dis- 

 posed in the form of a number of 

 'in' atiu\i' the other. The 

 name is usually confined to a 

 machine having more than four 

 such sets of surfaces. Multiplane 

 machines have not yet been built 

 -fully, though considerations 

 of span and engineering design will 

 prokibly make them one of the 

 machines of the future. See Bi- 

 plane; Monoplane; Triplane. 



Multiplatc. Machine for the 

 rapid production of stereotyped 

 plates for use in rotary newspaper 

 presses. A development of the 

 autoplate (q.v.}, when once the 

 matrix or mould of a page of type 

 has been fixed in it, it holds the 

 matrix firmly in full view of the 

 operator, and by means of cams 

 and levers performs the various 

 operations of casting, trimming, 

 and delivering the finished plate in 

 about 15 seconds. See Printing. 



Multiple (Lat. multiplex, with 

 many folds). Something consisting 

 of many parts, e.g. a multiple star. 

 In arithmetic, a multiple is a number 

 which contains another number 

 without leaving a remainder. Thus 

 40 is a multiple of eight. The least 

 common multiple is the smallest 

 number that will contain two or 

 more numbers. Thus 12 is the 

 least common multiple of three and 

 four. The multiple shop system is 

 a term used for the system whereby 

 a single business owns a large 

 number of shops. 



Multiplepoinding. In Scots 

 law, a legal process to determine 

 the ownership or division of pro- 

 perty, to which two or more persons 

 claim to be entitled. It is of the 

 same nature as the English inter- 

 pleader (q.v. ). See Poinding. 



Multiplication. In mathe- 

 matics, a process for repeating or 

 adding any given number or quan- 

 tity a certain number of times. The 

 symbol for multiplication in arith- 

 metic is x or the period mark, and 



5981 



in algebra the X , period, or simple 

 juxtaposition, e.g. a X h ; a . b ; 

 and ab all mean a multiplied by 

 6. By the use of indices the multi- 

 plication of a x a x a may be ex- 

 pressed as a* and so on, and of 

 algebraic quantities by the use of 

 brackets. 



I I.'- operations of multiplication 

 become laborious in actual practice 

 where large numbers are being 

 dealt with, and many methods have 

 been devised to abbreviate the 

 actual working. The use of loga- 

 rithms, the slide rule, and various 

 calculating machines enables either 

 approximate or accurate results 

 to be obtained very quickly. To 

 lessen the work where mechanical 

 means are not employed or the use 

 of logarithms, tables of factors have 

 been compiled for all numbers up to 

 10,000,000. Another series of tables 

 are those known as quarter squares. 

 These tables depend upon the 

 equation ab=(a+b)*/4: (ab)*/4, 

 and enables the product of any 

 two numbers to be obtained by 

 subtracting the quarter square of 

 their difference from the quarter 

 square of their sum. Quarter 

 squares of all numbers up to 

 200,000 have been published. See 

 Algebra ; Arithmetic ; Calculating 

 Machines. 



Mulvaney, PRIVATE TERENCE. 

 One of the principals in Rudyard 

 Kipling's series of stories of Soldiers 

 Three. He is a large-hearted 

 humorous Irishman, to whom his 

 two contrasting companions are 

 devoted. 



Mum. Name given to a fer- 

 mented malt liquor prepared from 

 wheat and bitter herbs. The grist 

 is mixed with pulse and oatmeal 

 before mashing, and the resulting 

 liquor is dark in colour and of a 

 sweet flavour. 



Mumbles. Village and water- 

 ing-place of Glamorganshire, Wales. 

 It stands on the W. shore of 

 Swansea Bay with a station on 



Mumbles, South Wales. Lighthouse and 

 off Mumbles Head 



Frit* 



the Swansea & Mumbles Rly. 

 Oyster fishing is carried on. 

 Mumbles Head juts into the west- 

 ern end of the bay. It includes 

 two small islands, on one of which 

 is a lighthouse. 



MUMMY 



M umbo Jumbo. Name of a 

 spirit worshipped by the Man- 

 dingos of W. Africa. Mungo Park 

 relates that he in invoked for the 

 purpose of punishing women offen- 

 ders, after which a man appears, 

 disguised in the garb of Mum bo 

 Jumbo, ties the culprit to a post 

 and scourges her. In a wider 

 sense the term is applied to any 

 object of irrational superstition. 



Mummius, Lucius. Roman 

 general who received the name of 

 Achaicus as a result of his conquest 

 of Greece. The decisive battle of 

 the war was fought with the army 

 of the Achaean League (q.v. ) in the 

 neighbourhood of Corinth, in 146 

 B.C. The battle was followed by the 

 plunder of the city, many of its 

 art treasures being taken to Rome. 

 Mummy (mumiya, Arab, bitu- 

 men). Dead body embalmed with 

 preservative substances in prepara- 

 tion for burial. In neolithic Egypt 

 interment in skins or mats in sand- 

 pits resulted in a measure of pre- 

 servation by natural desiccation. 

 When closed coffins were devised, 

 the speedier decay of the body led 

 to experiment with artificial pre- 

 servatives, at first perhaps limited 

 to crude natron. The earliest at- 

 tempt at mummification yet found 

 came from a Ilnd-dynasty tomb at 

 Sakkara ; the earliest mummy en- 

 swathed in bandages smeared with 

 resinous paste from a Vth -dynasty 

 tomb at Medum. 



In the course of centuries other 

 substances were employed, includ- 

 ing bitumen, caustic soda, balsams, 

 spices, honey, and drugs. By the 

 XXIst dynasty, after 1100 B.C., the 

 process involved incision of the left 

 flank with a flint knife for removing 

 the viscera, extraction of the brain, 

 usually through the nostrils with 

 bronze hooks, and stuffing of the 

 cavities with packing materials. 



Each limb and digit was sepa- 

 rately swathed in mummy-cloth, 

 consisting of linen bandages 2 ins. 

 _ to 10 ins. wide 



'! and up to 17 ft. 

 long, sometimes 

 fringed, and 

 often inscribed. 

 An outer sheet 

 8 ft. by 4 ft. lay 

 over' all. 



The bodies, 

 laid out in the 

 extended posi- 

 HHHHH^I tion, were pro- 

 telegraph station tected by amulets 

 and ritual texts, 

 enswathed in 



bead network, accompanied by 

 mummy-like statuettes called ush- 

 abtis, enclosed in one or two 

 mummy-cases of sycamore, cedar, 

 cartonnage, or faience, protected by 

 oblong coffins, and in the case of 



