MUMPS 



5582 



MUNCASTER CASTLE 



royal or wealthy personages en- 

 shrined in stone sarcophagi. The 

 face was treated with fidelity, 

 sometimes by encasing in a plaster 

 mask, out of which grew, after 100 

 B.C., the Greco-Roman custom of 

 placing portraits in tempera over 

 the enswathed head. Christian 

 Copts continued the practice in 

 modified forms, and it survived 

 until about A.D. 700. 



Mummification was applied also 

 to sacred animals, such as the par- 

 ticular cat that personified the 

 Bast goddess, and the bull sacred 

 to Apis. Afterwards all animals of 

 the species secured this form of im- 

 mortality, and great cemeteries 

 have been found of cats at Bubas- 

 tis, fish at Esna, ibises near Abydos, 

 and the like. These mummied 

 animals were sometimes gilded and 

 enclosed in coffins. 



In 1881 and 1898 there were re- 

 covered at Thebes hoards of royal 

 mummies, which were removed 

 from their original tombs in order 

 to frustrate tomb-robbers. Re- 

 moved to Cairo, they were found 

 to include the mummied remains 

 of famous Pharaohs of the XVIIIth 

 and XlXth dynasties, including 

 Thothines III, Amenhotep III, 

 Seti I, Rameses II, and Menep- 

 tah. See Animal Worship ; Burial 

 Customs ; Canopic Jars ; Embalm- 

 ing ; consult also The Mummy, E. 



A. W. Budge, 1893. E. a. Harmer 



Mumps OE EPIDEMIC PAROTITIS. 

 Acute infectious disease. The 

 micro-organism responsible has not 

 yet been isolated. It is most fre- 

 quent in childhood and adoles- 

 cence, males being more often at- 

 tacked than females, and is gener- 

 ally more prevalent in spring and 

 autumn than in the other seasons 

 of the year. The incubation period 

 is from two to three weeks. The 

 onset is marked by fever, which 

 rarely exceeds 101 F., but excep- 

 tionally may be as high as 103 F. 

 or 104 F. Pain is felt below the. 

 ear, and within 48 hours there is 

 marked swelling of the neck and 

 cheek. A day or two later the 

 other side usually becomes swollen 

 as well. 



The patient finds difficulty in 

 opening his mouth, and speech 

 and swallowing are impeded. After 

 a week or 10 days the swelling sub- 

 sides and recovery is rapid, but risk 

 remains of conveying the disease to 

 others for several weeks longer. 

 Swelling and inflammation of the 

 testicles in males and of the breasts 

 and ovaries in females occasionally 

 arise, but usually are not serious. 

 Treatment consists in keeping the 

 patient in bed with light diet and 

 attention to the bowels. Pain in the 

 neck may be relieved by applying 

 either hot or cold compresses. 



J 



Comte de Mun, 

 French politician 



Mummy. Embalmed bodies oi adult and child, about 



3,000 years old, excavated from rock tombs near 



Assiut, Egypt 



Mun, ALBERT ADRIEN MARIE, 

 COMTE DE (1841-1914). French 

 politician and man of letters. Born 



at Lumigny, 



S e i n e - e t- 



Marne, Feb. 



23, 1841, a 



great - grand- 

 son of C. A. 



Helvetius, he 



entered the 



army from St. 



Cyr in 1862, 



spent some 



years in Afri- 

 can service, and took part in 

 the Franco-Prussian War, being 

 captured with the Metz garrison. 

 Leaving the army in 1875, he 

 turned to politics, and became 

 known as one of the founders of the 

 Catholic workers' societies, and, 

 although hostile to socialist and 

 revolutionary doctrines, was a 

 strong supporter of the workers' 

 rights of organization to secure 

 better conditions. In 1876 he was 

 elected deputy for Pontivy. Fol- 

 lowing the encyclical of Pope Leo 

 XIII, 1892, he supported the re- 

 publican constitution of France. 

 Elected to the Academic Fran9aise 

 in 1897, he died at Bordeaux, Oct. 

 6, 1914. Among his many works are 

 his collected speeches. 7 vols., 1888- 

 1900 ; La Loi dcs 

 Suspects, 1900 , 

 L'Organisation 

 Professionale, 

 1901; Contre la, 

 Separation, 1905: 

 and collected war 

 articles, La 

 Guerre de 1914. 

 1914. 



Muncaster. 



JOSSLYN FRANCIS 

 PENNINGTON, 5Tii 

 BARON (1834- 

 1917). British 

 peer. Born Dec. 

 25, 1834, he was 

 educated atEton. 



He entered the 

 army and served 

 with the 90th 

 Light Infantry in 

 the Crimea, taking 

 part in the storm- 

 ing of the Redan, 

 Sept. 8, 1855. 

 Later, he e x- 

 changed into the 

 Rifle Brigade, and 

 left the army with 

 rank of captain. 

 He succeeded his 

 brother in the 

 Irish title in 1862. 

 From 1872-80 he 

 represented W. 

 Cumber land in 

 the House of 

 Com m o n s, and 

 the Egremont div. of Cumberland, 

 1885-92, and was created a baron 

 of the U.K. in 1898. With Lady 

 Muncaster and others he was cap- 

 tured on April 11, 1870, by brig- 

 ands at Oropos during an excursion 

 to the plain of Marathon, on which 

 occasion some of the party were 

 killed. He was liberated to secure 

 the ransom demanded by the brig- 

 ands, who, hearing that the Greek 

 government had dispatched troops 

 to capture them, murdered their 

 captives. The ladies of the party 

 were liberated before this tragedy. 

 Lord Muncaster died at Muncaster 

 Castle, Mar. 30, 1917. 



Muncaster Castle. Residence 

 at Ravenglass, Cumberland, Eng- 

 land, until 1917 the seat of Baron 

 Muncaster. On the site of a Roman 

 fortress known as Mulcastre, or the 

 castle on the meols or sandhills, it 

 is half way up Muncaster Fell and 

 commands beautiful views up the 

 valley of the Esk. In the possession 

 of the Pennington family since the 

 Conquest, it was rebuilt in 1800. 

 After the battle of Hexham, 1461, 

 Henry VI took refuge here, and is 

 said to have given to Sir John 

 Pennington the curious glass cup, 

 known as The Luck of Muncaster, 

 from which the family have been 

 baptized ever since. 



Muncaster Castle, Cumberland. Garden front 

 terrace of the former seat of Baron Muncaster 



Valentine 



and 



