MUNTJAC 



559O 



MURAD IV 



Minister Fusiliers' 

 badge 



t received the name of the Bengal 

 Fusiliers, and in 1848 served in the 

 Punjab. . 



After fighting in Burma the Fusi- 

 liers took part in suppressing the 

 Indian Mutiny, during which they 

 earned six Vic- 

 toria Crosses, and 

 the nickname of 

 the "dirty shirts," 

 because on one 

 occasion they 

 turned out to 

 fight in their shirt 

 sleeves. In 1861, 

 after the dissolu- 

 tion of the East 

 India Company, they were added to 

 the British Army as the 101st and 

 104th Bengal Fusiliers. Ten years 

 later tbey came to England, and in 

 1873 they were first associated with 

 Ireland. In 1881 they received 

 their present name. In 1885-87 the 

 Munsters served in Burma, and, like 

 the other Irish regiments, gained 

 renown in the South African War. 

 In the Great War, the 2nd 

 battalion formed part of the 

 expeditionary force, and as part 

 of the 1st infantry brigade was 

 involved in the fighting around 

 Mons and during the retreat. It 

 later joined the 3rd brigade and 

 participated in most of the other 

 battles in the latter part of 1914, 

 and in the fighting at Givenchy in 

 Jan., 1915. The 1st battalion 

 formed part of the 29th division 

 which won fame in Gallipoli in 

 1915, and made the landing at 

 Beach V. The 1st and 2nd batta- 

 lions were engaged in the battle of 

 the Somme, 1916, in which year the 

 6th bore a notable share in the 

 British effort in the expedition to 

 Salonica. In 1917 the 1st battalion 

 fought at Messines and Cambrai. 

 The 2nd battalion made a stand 

 near Ronssoy during the German 

 offensive in the spring of 1918 ; 

 the 1st was also engaged in the 

 fierce fighting of that year, helping 

 the Canadians to capture the 

 Drocourt-Queant line in Sept., 

 and sharing in later British attacks. 

 The regimental depot is at Tralee. 

 Muntjac (Cervulus). Species of 

 small deer. It is found in S. and E. 

 India, usually in the forests and 

 jungles. The upper canine teeth in 

 the male project beyond the lips 

 as tusks and can be used as 

 weapons. The antlers grow from 

 pedicles of bone forming prolong- 

 ations of the frontal bone. The fe- 

 male has neither the tusk-like 

 canines nor antlers. 



Muntz Metal. Alloy of copper 

 and zinc. It admits of being 

 forged and is much used for sheath- 

 ing, bolts and nuts, pump rods 

 and other parts of machinery 

 which are to be exposed to the 



action of sea water or other in- 

 fluences calculated to corrode iron 

 or steel. It was brought into use by 

 George Frederick Muntz of Birm- 

 ingham in 1832. See Alloy ; Brass. 



Mtinzer, THOMAS (1490-1525). 

 German sectarian and revolution- 

 ary. A native of Stolberg in the 

 Harz, he joined the reformers, but 

 in 1521 advocated extreme doc- 

 trines, and demanded obedience 

 as an inspired prophet. He is 

 sometimes considered the founder 

 of the Anabaptists. Having plan- 

 ned the murder of his opponents 

 at Zwickau, he fled to Prague, 

 where the Taborite principles still 

 lingered, and then appeared at 

 Wittenberg, where he found in- 

 fluential support until Luther 

 arrived and restored order. Mun- 

 zer retired to Allstedt in Thuringia 

 and set up a communistic theo- 

 cracy. Expelled in July, 1524, he 

 took a leading part in the Thurin- 

 gian peasant revolt. His camp at 

 Frankenhausen was taken by 

 Philip of Hesse and John, elector 

 of Saxony, May 15, 1525, and Mun- 

 zer was executed. See Anabapt- 

 ists; Peasants' War ; Reformation. 



Mur. River of Austria and 

 Yugo-Slavia. It rises in the Eastern 

 Alps in Salzburg, Austria, and 

 flows through Styria past Graz, 

 where its valley is a valuable line 

 of communication on the routes 

 to Vienna from the S. and S.W. 

 Below Radkersburg it enters Yugo- 

 slavia and joins the Drave, of 

 which it is the principal affluent. 



Murad I (1319-89). Sultan of 

 Turkey. Succeeding his father 

 Orkhan in 1359, he conceived the 

 ambition of establishing his empire 

 in Europe, and, favoured by the 

 disorders in the Balkan countries, 

 began his advance. Capturing 

 Adrianople and defeating the kings 

 of Hungary, 1363, and Serbia, 

 1366, he established his realm as 



far as Sofia in 1382. The subju- 

 gated princes eventually formed an 

 alliance under Lazar, tsar of Serbia, 

 and marched against the Turks, 

 but were defeated at Kossovo, 

 1389, by Murad, who did not, 

 however, live to reap the fruits of 

 his victory, being assassinated by 

 a Serbian soon after the battle. 



Murad II (c. 1403-51). Sultan 

 of Turkey. Son of Mohammed I, 

 li succeeded to the throne in 1421, 

 but a series of 

 unsuccessful 

 wars with the 

 Hungarians 

 under Janos 

 Hunyadi led 

 to the treaty 

 of Szegedin in 

 1444. By this 

 Murad aban- 

 Murad II, d o n e d his 



Sultan of Turkey sovereignty 

 over Serbia. He twice abdicated 

 in favour of his son, Mohammed, 

 but each time was recalled to the 

 throne by foreign menace. His 

 campaigns against the Hungarians 

 ended with the victory over Hunyadi 

 at Kossovo, 1448, and he died at 

 Adrianople three years later. 



Murad III x 

 (1546-95). ? \ 

 Sultan of M 



Turkey. Suc- 

 ceeding his 

 father, Selim 

 II, in 1574, his 

 indolence and 

 sensuality 

 made his reign 

 a continual 

 struggle with 

 the janissarie 



Murad III, 

 Sultan of Turkey 



Muntjac. Small deer found in S. and E. India showing 

 growing antlers, which exist only in the male of the species 



The first English 



ambassador was accredited to the 

 Porte in 1583. 



Murad IV (1611-40). Sultan of 

 Turkey. Ascending the throne in 

 1623, his minority was the oppor- 

 tunity for grave disorders through- 

 out his realm, 

 which culminated 

 in an attack on 

 the palace at Con- 

 stantinople, 1631. 

 Naturally of a 

 stern and imperi- 

 ous character, 

 Murad soon earned 

 a reputation for 

 unparalleled fero- 

 city, putting to 

 death during the 

 last eight years of 

 his reign at least 

 100,000 persons. 

 After a successful 

 campaign against 

 the Persians in 

 1638-39, he died, 

 early in 1640, of 

 gout, due to 

 drunkenness 



