MURDER 



11 I :< ipi a n colony occupied the 

 sit'', hut the pro-cut, city was 

 1'i.iiM'lc'l by Abd-ur-Hahman II, 

 Caliph of Cordova, in *-", after- 

 \\iir-U licluiii>ed to various Moorish 

 . and was taken by the Gas- 

 tiliiuis, 12ii:{. It was besieged by 

 the French in 1810 and lSl->, and 

 has suffered from both inundations 

 iad earthquake. Pop. 133,000. 



Murder. In English law, the 

 unlawful killing of any human 

 being who is in being and under 

 the King's Peace, with malice 

 aforethought, either express or 

 implied. The words "in being" 

 have relation to the slaying of 

 children at the time of birth. 

 Unless the child had a separate 

 existence from its mother, its death 

 cannot bo made the subject of a 

 charge of murder. " Unlawful " 

 killing means killing without legal 

 justification, as, for example, is 

 possessed by a person who slays 

 someone who is trying to kill him ; 

 by the public executioner ; by a 

 constable who slays a rioter. 

 " Malice aforethought either ex- 

 press or implied " does not neces- 

 sarily mean actual ill-will. It is 

 rather clumsily said that if there 

 is no lawful excuse for the slaying, 

 or if it was not accidental, or if it 

 was not upon provocation in hot 

 blood, malice will be implied. 



Further, there is what is some- 

 times popularly called " construc- 

 tive murder," which happens when 

 a man who had no intention to 

 kill does kill when he is in process 

 of doing another felonious act. A 

 burglar, being interrupted, punches 

 the interrupter, who falls down 

 and happens to strike his head on 

 the fender, and dies. The burglar is 

 guilty of murder. Death must take 

 place within a year and a day of 

 the wounding for a murder charge 

 to be brought in England. With 





William Murdock. 

 British inventor 



After (iraham Qilbtrl 



Murcia, Spain. Cathedral tower, 



completed in 1766, with, left, the 



16th century Chapel de los Velez 



5593 



certain exceptions the body must 

 be found in a case of murder 

 before the accused can be tried. By 

 English law the judge who tries an 

 alleged murderer must, if there is , 

 conviction, pronounce sentence of 

 death. See Homicide ; Man- 

 slaughter ; Matron. 



Murdock, WILLIAM (1754-1839). 

 British inventor. Born at Bellow 

 Mill, Ayrshire, Aug. 21, 1754, he 

 became an assistant to James Watt, 

 1777, carrying out many of the 

 latter's engineering schemes. In 

 1792 he turned his attention to the 

 possibility of using coal-gas or the 

 gases from the 

 distillation of 

 wood, peat, 

 etc., for illu- 

 minating | HI r - 

 poses. He 

 erected an 

 experimental 

 plant in 1792, 

 but it was 

 not until 1802 

 that the Soho 

 factory of 

 James Watt 

 was lighted by gas, the first public 

 use of the new illuminant. He 

 died Nov. 15, 1839. 



Murexide OR ACID AMMONIUM 

 PCRPURATE. Substance which 

 crystallises in prisms, showing a 

 beautiful metallic green lustre. It 

 was formerly used in dyeing, but 

 has now been replaced by aniline 

 colours. Murexide was formerly 

 made in large quantities from 

 guano, and can be made by acting 

 on a solution of alloxan and allox- 

 antin by means of ammonia. 

 Also known as Roman purple, it 

 was similar to the Tyrian purple 

 of the ancients. The latter dye was 

 obtained from a genus of gastero- 

 pods, Murex, which gave the name 

 to the former. 



Murfreesboro. City of Tennes- 

 see, U.S.A., the co. seat of Ruther- 

 ford co. Situated in a fertile plain, 

 near the Stone river, 33 m. S.E. of 

 Nashville, it is served by the Nash- 

 ville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis 

 Rly. Manufactures include ma- 

 chine-shop products, lumber, car- 

 riages, and flour. The battle of 

 Stone River or Murfreesboro, 18(53, 

 took place about 2 m. from the city. 

 Settled in 1811, Murfreesboro was 

 incorporated in 1817, and for six 

 years from 1819 was the state 

 capital. Pop. 5,400. 



Murger, HENRI (1822-61). 

 French novelist. Born in Paris, 

 March 24, 1822, he was of German 

 origin. In his youth he passed from 

 one occupation to another, includ- 

 ing journalism, until he became 

 famous in 1848 with his Scenes de 

 la Vie de Scheme. In this he de- 

 scribes with rich humour and 



MURILUO 



Henri Murger. French novelist, 

 author of Seines de la Vie de Bob! me 



From a iketeH by Oatarni 



poignant pathos the literary and 

 artistic underworld of Paris, in 

 which much of his own life was 

 spent. He contributed to the 

 Revue des deux Mondes and wrote 

 other novels, including Les Buveurs 

 d'Eau and Le Sabot Rouge, also 

 poems and plays. His Vie de 

 Boheme was dramatised with 

 success, and some of his verses are 

 in A. Lang's Ballads and Lyrics of 

 Old France, 1872. He died Jan. 28, 

 1861. See Lives, A. Delvau, 1866 ; 

 Ricault d'Hericault, 1896. 



Murghab. River of Central 

 Asia. It rises in Afghanistan, 

 enters Russian territory, and, after 

 flowing through the oases of 

 Penjdeh and Merv, loses itself in 

 the sandy desert of Kara-Kum. 

 Its length is about 400 m. It is 

 crossed by a branch of the Cen- 

 tral Asiatic Rly. 



Muridae. Zoological name for 

 the mouse family of the great order 

 of rodents. It includes the rats, 

 mice, voles, hamsters, lemmings, 

 and certain others. They are dis- 

 tributed all over the world, and 

 most of them have naked, scaly 

 tails. Most of them live upon land, 

 though a few are aquatic in habit. 

 See Hamster ; Lemming ; Mouse ; 

 Rat ; Rodent ; Vole, etc. 



Murillo, BARTOLOME ESTEBAN 

 (1617-82). Spanish painter. Born 

 at Seville, Dec. 31, 1617, he was 

 related to the painter Juan del 

 Castillo, to whose care and instruc- 

 tion he was committed. On 

 Castillo's removal to Cadiz, Murillo 

 was compelled to join the numerous 

 street artists who hawked their 

 wares at the weekly fair in Seville. 

 In 1642 he was impressed by 

 the work of Pedro de Moya, just 

 returned from England, and re- 

 solved to travel for his own 

 education. He obtained the 

 necessary money by selling a 

 number of coarsely executed but 

 popular subjects to the merchants 

 who exported these goods to 



