MUSCOVITE 



MUSEUM 



of the muscles are red, due to the 

 presence of haemoglobin in their 

 contractile substance. 



Involuntary muscles' are under 

 the control of a different part of 

 the nervous system, and cannot 

 be made to contract by an effort of 

 the will. This type of muscle forms 

 the muscular tissue of the heart, 

 and is also found in the walls of 

 the oesophagus, stomach, intes- 

 tines, uterus, bladder, blood-vessels, 

 and other organs. The involuntary 



pulls on u 

 great Tendi 



Achilles or 

 great Tendon 

 that raises, 

 the Heel < 



muscle of the heart is striated, but 

 the involuntary muscle in other 

 parts does not exhibit striations, 

 and is termed " plain " muscle. It 

 is composed of elongated cells 

 about 1 /600th of an in. long, each 

 with an oval nucleus and covered 

 with a delicate sheath. See Ana- 

 tomy ; Biceps ; Face ; Jaw ; etc. 



Miiscovite. In mineralogy, 

 name given to a mineral of the 

 mica group. It is one of the com- 

 monest varieties of mica (q.v.). 



Muscovy. Old name for Russia. 

 Derived from Moscow, it means 

 the district around that city, and 

 was generally used for Russia until 

 well into the 18th cenfcury. See 

 Russia. 



Muscovy Duck (Cairina mos- 

 chata). Species of duck, occur- 

 ring naturally in Central and S. 

 America, but largely introduced 

 elsewhere as an ornamental bird 

 for lakes and parks. They live 

 in the forest swamps, where they 

 nest in the trees, and their food is 

 almost entirely vegetable. The 

 colour of the plumage is glossy 

 purplish green on the upper parts, 

 with brownish black crested head, 

 neck, and under parts. The male 

 is much larger than the female 



Musculo- Spiral Nerve. One 

 of the main nerves of the arm. It 

 arises from the brachial plexus on 

 the outer side of the armpit, winds 

 round behind the humerus, and 

 passes down to terminate in front 

 of the external condyle of the 

 humerus by dividing into the radial 

 and posterior interosseous nerves. 

 It supplies the triceps and other 

 muscles at the back of the arm, and 

 is also the nerve of sensation to the 

 back of the arm and a consider- 

 able area of the 

 forearm. Para- 

 lysis of the 

 musculo - spiral 

 nerve produces 

 the condition 

 known as drop- 

 ped wrist. See 

 Arm; Nerve. 

 Mus. D. OB 

 Mus. Doc. Ab- 

 breviation for 

 doctor of music. 



Muses OK 

 M u s A E. In 

 Greek mytho- 

 logy, the divin- 

 ities who pre- 

 sided over the 

 liberal arts. 

 They were sup- 

 posed to be 

 daughters of 

 Zeus, nymphs 

 born in Pieria, 

 at the foot of 



Tendons 



' mu r 



W! .r4fV-J'-- 



Muscle. Top, diagrams showing 

 back and front views of the distri- 

 bution of the principal muscles of 

 the body and their mode of action. 

 Below, magnified portion of muscle 

 fibre showing nerve ending 



Mt. Olympus ; hence they were 

 sometimes called Pierides. Mt. 

 Helicon in Boeotia and Mt. Par- 

 nassus in Phocis were also asso- 



Muscovy Duck. Tree-nesting duck, 



found naturally in Central and S. 



America 



ciated with them. They are the 

 companions of Apollo, and sing 

 to his lyre. 



The muses were at~fifst three in 

 number, and nine in later legend. 

 Their names are : Clio, the muse 

 of history, represented sitting with 

 an open scroll ; Euterpe, the muse 

 of lyric poetry, with a flute ; 

 Thalia, the muse of comedy and 

 pastoral poetry, with a comic mask 

 and a shepherd's staff ; Melpo- 

 mene, the muse of tragedy, with a 

 tragic mask, the club of Hercules 

 or a sword, and the cothurnus ; 

 Terpsichore, the muse of dancing, 

 with the lyre and plectrum ; Erato, 

 the muse of love songs, with the 

 lyre ; Polyhymnia, the muse of 

 sacred song, of pensive appearance : 

 Urania, the muse of astronomy, 

 with a staff, pointing to a globe ; 

 Calliope, the muse of epic poetry, 

 with tablet and stylus. The 

 Roman nymphs Camenae or Cas- 

 menae Avere identified with the 

 muses. See Calliope ; Clio; etc. 



Musette. (1) Musical instru- 

 ment of the bagpipe class. It was 

 popular in France in the 17th and 

 18th centuries. (2) A small haut- 

 boy, whose tone resembles that of 

 the melody pipe of the one men- 

 tioned above. (3) A pas'toral dance 

 in duple or triple time. The suites 

 of the 18th century sometimes 

 contain musette airs, alternating 

 with the gavottes. 



Museum (Gr. mouseion, the 

 seat of the muses). Repository for 

 the preservation and exhibition of 

 objects of natural history, an- 

 tiquity, science, and art, also ap- 

 plied to the collection itsslf. 



Museums are comparatively mo- 

 dern institutions, few going back 

 to the 18th century. In classical 

 times museums in the modern 

 sense were unknown, the museum 

 of Alexandria, founded about 280 

 B.C., being a university building, 

 although it probably contained 

 collections of all kinds. The ex- 

 tensive collection of objects of art 

 and curiosities is not recorded till 

 after the Renaissance. These early 

 collections were known as cabinets 

 of rare and curious objects, cabineta 

 of medals, etc. Probably the earliest 

 was the collection of natural history 

 objects- made by Georg Agricola. 



The oldest surviving museum 

 established on a sound basis is the 

 Ashmolean Museum (q.v.) at 

 Oxford. Francis Bacon in his New 

 Atlantis elaborated the idea of a 

 great national museum of science 

 and art. The first great and 

 typical museum, apart from the 

 Ashmolean, which at first was com- 

 paratively small, was the British 

 Museum, founded in 1753. Im- 

 portant early museums formed by 

 private individuals were Sir Hans 



