MUSIC 



5602 



MUSICAL TERMS 



William Byrd, and Gregorio Alle- 

 gri, with whom the polyphonic 

 school practically died out in the 

 middle of the 17th century. 



In the 18th and early 19th 

 centuries we have as musical land- 

 marks the Masses of Bach, and the 

 beautiful but not strictly ecclesias- 

 tical compositions of the Italian 

 and Viennese schools, including 

 Haydn, Mozart, and Schubert. 

 Beethoven's Mass in D, 1823, may 

 be reckoned the culmination of 

 this type. During the later part of 

 the 19th century and continuing 

 into the 20th, there has been a 

 steady revival of interest in poly- 

 phonic music, and reprints of the 

 finest examples have been made, 

 helping to redeem the cult of this 

 music from the antiquarian atmo- 

 sphere which had hitherto sur- 

 rounded it. 



Bibliography. The Evolution of 

 the Art of Music, C. H. H. Parry, 

 1896 ; A Handbook of Musical His- 

 tory and Bibliography, J. E. Mat- 

 thew, 1 898 ; Dictionary of Music 

 and Musicians, G. Grove, 1904 ; The 

 Growth and Development of Music, 

 E. Dickinson, 1906 ; Style in Mu- 

 sical Art, C. H. H. Parry, 1911. 



Music, GUILDHALL SCHOOL OF. 

 Founded by the corporation of the 

 city of London, Sept., 1880, for the 

 provision of sound tuition in all 

 branches of the art for professional 

 and amateur students. A beginning 

 was made in a warehouse in Alder- 

 manbury, with 62 students and 29 

 professors. In 1887 a new building 

 was opened in Tallis Street, Black- 

 friars, E.G., and this was greatly 

 enlarged in 1898. A full professional 

 curriculum is provided, as well as 

 opportunities for amateur culture 

 in single subjects. The students in 

 1921 numbered more than 3,000. 



Music, ROYAL ACADEMY OF. 

 London school for musical training, 

 the oldest in the metropolis. It 

 was founded in 1822, with George 

 IV as chief patron, and Lord 

 Burghersh, afterwards earl of 

 Westmorland, as chairman. Pro- 

 vision was made for forty boys and 

 forty girls, all resident, and the 

 academy was opened March 24, 

 1823, with a staff of about 40 

 professors. 



The old houses in Tenterden 

 Street, Hamover Square, becoming 

 outgrown, a site was secured on the 

 edge of Regent's Park, and a splen- 

 did building erected in 1911, fully 

 equipped with a fine concert hall 

 and teaching rooms of all kinds. 

 The roval academy of music gives 

 diplomas of F.R.A.M., A.R.A.M., 

 and L.R.A.M., and joins the royal 

 college of music in an associated 

 board for local and school examina- 

 tions throughout the Empire. The 

 address is York Gate, Marylebone 

 Road, London, N.W. 



There was an earlier society 

 bearing this name, founded by 

 subscription in 1720 to guarantee 

 performances of Italian Opera in 

 London. From 1720-28, operas 

 by Buononcini, Ariosti, Handel, 

 Scarlatti, and others were pro- 

 duced with varying success, but 

 the season 1727-28 was a financial 

 failure and the academy came to 

 an end. 



Music, ROYAL COLLEGE OF. As- 

 sociation in London for the en- 

 couragement of musical study. 

 The successor of the national 

 training school for music, it was 

 founded by King Edward, then 

 prince of Wales, in 1882, was in- 

 corporated by Royal Charter, 

 May 23, 1883, and governed by a 

 council. 



Beginning with 50 scholars and 

 42 paying pupils, the numbers on 

 the roll grew rapidly, and the old 

 building of the national training 

 school became inadequate. A new 

 building, the gift of Samson Fox, 

 was opened in Prince Consort Road, 

 S.W., in 1894, and to it was added 

 in 1901 a fine concert hall. The 

 college owns the valuable library 

 of the Sacred Harmonic Society, 

 which was disbanded in 1882, the 

 library of the concerts of antierit 

 music presented by Queen Vic- 

 toriaand the Donaldson Museum 

 (1894) of old and rare musical in- 

 struments. The curriculum in- 

 cludes all subjects necessary for 

 complete education in every branch 

 of music, and the average course 

 covers three or four years. 



Musical Box. Instrument pro- 

 ducing music by mechanical means. 

 Clock-work, driven by a spring, 



Musical Box opened, showing comb and barrel actuated 

 by the clock-work on left 



moves a cylinder from which pins 

 project at proper positions, and 

 strike the ends of steel vibrators 

 tuned to the notes of the scale, the 

 vibrators and the continuous steel 

 plate from which they are cut, and 

 which gives them resonance, form- 

 ing a sort of graduated comb. 

 Mechanical musical toys of great 

 ingenuity were made as early as 

 the 15th century, especially in the 



Netherlands ; in their present form 

 they date from the beginning of 

 the 19th century, and are still 

 chiefly produced in Switzerland, 

 the country of their origin. Some 

 of the larger specimen.? contain as 

 many as 36 tunes on one barrel, 

 and allow of exchanging barrels. 



Musical Festival. Music-mak- 

 ing on a large scale, the concerts 

 being generally spread over more 

 than one day. In England the 

 oldest is The Three Choirs' Festival 

 of Gloucester, Worcester, and 

 Hereford, founded in 1724, and 

 held annually in the above cities 

 in rotation. Other important festi- 

 vals, held mostly at triennial 

 periods, were Birmingham, 1768 ; 

 Norwich, 1824; Leeds, 1858; 

 Bristol, 1878 ; Cardiff, 1892 ; and 

 Sheffield, 1895. Festivals aim not 

 only at the performance of stan- 

 dard works of known popularity, 

 but also at the encouragement of 

 British art, by commissioning 

 native compositions, and occasion- 

 ally of foreign works, as Mendels- 

 sohn's Elijah, Gounod's Redemp- 

 tion, and Dvorak's Spectre's 

 Bride, etc. Amongst the chief 

 British composers whose works 

 have been given are Sullivan, 

 Stanford, Parry, Mackenzie, Elgar, 

 and Cowen. The Handel Festival 

 at the Ciystal Palace, Sydenharn, 

 founded in 1857 and held trienni- 

 ally, is devoted solely to music by 

 Handel. 



A development of the musical 

 festiva'. has been the music com- 

 petition festival founded on the 

 lines of the Welsh Eisteddfod. The 

 largest of these are the Stratford 

 and E. London, founded 1882, the 

 . Westmorland, 



1885. and the Lon- 

 don, 1905. The 

 competitions are 

 choral, vocal, and 

 instrumental, 

 and the scheme 

 includes public 

 concerts by the 

 prize winners. 



Musical 

 Glasses. Musical 

 instrument, c o n- 

 sisting of a set of 

 glasses tuned by 

 having water 

 poured into them, 

 and played with 



the fingers. It is more often known 

 as the Harmonica (q.v. ). 



Musical Terms. Terms used to 

 indicate the various means by 

 which a composer shows the pre- 

 cise character of a musical work. 

 They fall into different classes ac- 

 cording to their nature and signifi- 

 cation. The first has to do with 

 notation, e.g. staff, clef, notes, rests, 

 bars, sharps, flats, etc., and covers 



