NAMANGAN 



5622 



NAME 



Namangan. Town of Russian 

 Turkistan. It is in the province of 

 Ferghana, in the valley of the 

 Syr-Daria, 50 m. from Khokand. 

 Considerable trade is carried on in 

 cotton, fruit, hides, and sheep. In 

 the neighbourhood are naphtha 

 wells and coalbeds. Pop. 70,000. 



Namaqualand, GREAT. Country 

 in the S.W. African Protectorate, 

 formerly German S.W. Africa. Ex- 

 tending from the Orange River to 

 Damaraland, it is mainly a sterile 

 desert region, and was occupied by 

 the Germans in 1885. It is in- 

 habited by the Namas, a few bush- 

 men, some tribes of Hottentots, 

 and white settlers. See South - 

 West Africa Protectorate ; consult 

 also The Germans and Africa, P. 

 Evans Lewin, 1915. 



Namaqualand, LITTLE. Dist. 

 in the Cape Province. It lies S. of 

 the Orange River, by which it is 

 separated from Great Namaqua- 

 land. Copper is exported from 

 Port Nolloth. Area 20,000 sq. m. 

 Pop. 20,000. See Cape Province. , 



Namas agali. Port on the 

 Victoria Nile. It is connected by 

 the Busoga Rly. with Jinja, while 

 steamers run to Foweira, 160 m. 

 N.N.W. 



Nam-dinh. Town of French 

 Indo-China, in Tong-king, on the 

 rly. from Hanoi to Hue and 

 Tourane. It is 45 m S.E. of Hanoi, 

 on the Songka. There is a trade 

 in silk and cottons. Pop. 31,000. 



Name. Title by which any 

 person or object is indicated ; in a 

 narrower sense, the name given to 

 a person or object to distinguish it 

 from others of the same class. The 

 manner in which personal names 

 were given varied among different 

 peoples, but names taken from 

 personal characteristics and pecul- 

 iarities are common to all. 



Legally, the names of persons 

 are divided into Christian names 

 and surnames, the former given at 

 baptism, the latter being that of 

 the father, usually. Christian names 

 may be changed with the consent 

 of the bishop, and those who are 

 not christened have surnames only, 

 ecclesiastically. An illegitimate 

 child, in English law, takes the 

 mother's name. A woman takes 

 her husband's name on marriage 

 and retains it after divorce, under 

 English law, but in Scotland she 

 may retain her maiden name for 

 legal purposes. A man may change 

 his surname by deed poll or by 

 repute, but such a name is only 

 officially recognized by royal 

 licence. 



The Greeks had no names answer- 

 ing to our surnames, and it was 

 left to the parent to decide what 

 name the child should have. Most 

 Greek names were compound 



Leuk-ippos (with white horses), 

 Thrasy-bulus (bold in counsel). In 

 oldest times, the child as a rule took 

 the name of his grandfather, some- 

 times that of his father. For the 

 sake of distinction a patronymic 

 was often added Agamemnon 

 Atrides, Agamemnon the son of 

 Atreus ; or the father's name was 

 added in the genitive Cimon of 

 Pericles. 



The Romans originally only had 

 one name, generally simple, not 

 compound Romulus but in re- 

 publican times three names became 

 the rule : praenomen, answering to 

 our Christian name Aulus, Mar- 

 cus, usually abbreviated to A., M. ; 

 nomen, the gentile or clan name, 

 nearly always ending in ius, e.g. 

 Julius, Tullius ; cognomen, the 

 family name, Caesar, Cicero. A 

 fourth name, agnomen, was given 

 for famous deeds, such as Afri- 

 canus, and in cases of adoption, 

 when the adopted son took the 

 three names of his adoptive father, 

 to which he added that of his own 

 clan or gens (q.v. ), with an altered 

 termination. Women as a rule had 

 the clan or gens name of their father 

 with a feminine termination, e.g. 

 Tullia. 



In England many names are 

 derived from personal character- 

 istics, and are really mere epithets. 

 Patronymics are formed by adding 

 son, e.g. Johnson, Thompson, a 

 favourite method in Scandinavian 

 countries. English surnames may 

 be classified as general and special 

 local names Hill, Dale, Burton, 

 Buxton; names of occupation 

 Barber, Brewer, Baker, including 

 lost trades, Fletcher, Pargiter, 

 Reeve ; names formed from Chris- 

 tian names, as Wilkinson, Wills, 

 Willis, from William ; names of 

 mental or physical characteris- 

 tics Good, Wise, Long, Black, 

 White. Of the fifty or sixty Chris- 

 tian names in use more than half 

 have a religious origin. 



Amongst the Spaniards, names 

 derived from the father end in 

 ez, e.g. Hernandez, the son of 

 Hernando. The old Persians and 

 Indians had compound names, like 

 those in earliest use among the 

 Greeks and Germans. Amongst the 

 Indians and Hebrews religious 

 names were common Kalidasa, 

 servant of the goddess Kali, 

 Eliezer, whom God helps. The 

 Arabs form a praenomen by the aid 

 of the prefix abu, father ; names 

 like Hassan, which did not descend 

 from father to son, were usually 

 followed by the name of the 

 father, with an interpolated -ibn- or 

 -ben-, son of Hassan-ibn-el- Abbas; 

 other names were taken from 

 religion and court Salah ed-din, 

 safety of faith, Saladin ; from a 



man's occupation, tribe, birth- 

 place, or sect, while others were 

 pure nicknames. Among the 

 Chinese the praenomen is not 

 definitely established, and may be 

 changed until a person enters an 

 educational institution or becomes 

 the holder of a public office. 



Geographical names are often 

 intended to convey to the mind a 

 kind of picture representing the 

 most salient physical features. 

 Such are Benmore, Morven, both 

 meaning great mountain ; Mont 

 Blanc, white mountain. In Celtic 

 Aber, Inver denote places at the 

 mouth of a river Aberconway, 

 Aberdeen, Abergeldie and Inver- 

 geldie, Inverness. Ard, Craig, 

 Drum, Fell, Pen, Tor and others 

 refer to high ground generally 

 Ardglass, green height ; Craigmore, 

 great rock ; Drumlane, broad ridge; 

 Sea wf ell, the mountain of the 

 promontory ; Penmaenmawr, the 

 great stone head; Torbay, the 

 hill over the bay. There are 

 frequent references to colour, plant 

 and animal life. See Place Name. 



Bibliography. Praenomina : the 

 Etymology of Christian names. 



B. S.Charnock, 1882 ; Geographical 

 Etymology a Dictionary of Place 

 Names, C. Blackie, 1887 : Diction- 

 ary of English and Welsh surnames, 



C. W. Bardsley, 1901 : Words and 

 Places, I. Taylor, 1909. 



Naming Customs are rites and 

 usages attending the choice and 

 bestowal of personal names. In 

 primitive culture an underlying 

 notion is traceable that names are 

 the substance of individual souls 

 expressed by the voice. So the 

 Eskimo, by naming children after 

 the person last deceased in the 

 village, seek to perpetuate the 

 tribal soul, while the Aztec, by 

 bestowing the name of a dead 

 relative, did the same for the 

 family-soul. 



As death or injury may result 

 from the malevolent misuse of 

 names, they are frequently kept 

 secret, sometimes by entrusting 

 them to materiiil objects buried 

 out of sight, other designations 

 being employed in ordinary life. 

 This idea is extended to divine 

 names. Moreover, such crises as 

 initiation, marriage, social pro- 

 motion, and death necessitate 

 name-changing, by replacement or 

 accumulation, the Kwakiutl even 

 having summer and winter names. 

 Name-changing is also practised 

 for deceiving disease-demons or 

 counteracting sorcery, while oppro- 

 brious names, such as Three- 

 farthings, Dustheap, Perdita (lost), 

 are frequently bestowed in infancy 

 to avert evil eye. 



A widely observed custom, 

 Called teknonymy (Gr. teknon, 

 child, onoma, name), requires 



