NANTYGLO 



5628 



NAPHTHOL 



which they declined. Shoes and 

 gloves were also made at this time. 

 Market day, Sat. Pop. 7,800. See 

 A History of Nantwich, J. Hall. 

 1883. 



Nantyglo. District of Mon 

 mouthshire, England. It is 7 m 

 W.S.W. of Abergavenny, on the 

 G. W.R., and has extensive collieries 

 and important ironworks. The 

 water supply is controlled by the 

 council of the urban dist. of Nanty- 

 glo and Blaina, of which Nantyglo 

 forms part. Market day. Wed. 

 Pop. 15,400. 



Nantymoel. Village of S. 

 Wales, in Glamorgan. It is 10 m. 

 N. of Bridgend, the terminus ot a 

 branch rly., on the G.W.R. It lies 

 at an alt. of 650 ft., near the source 

 of the small river Ogwr. To the 

 E. is Cam fawr, 1,769 ft. 



Naomi. Character in the O.T. 

 book of Ruth (q.v.). Wife of Elim- 

 elech, of Bethlehem-Judah, she lost 

 her husband and two sons in the 

 land of Moab, whither the family 

 had fled through famine. Return- 

 ing to her native land, her many 

 sufferings caused her to say, Call 

 me not Naomi (pleasant) ; call me 

 Mara (bitter). 



Naoroji, DADABHAI (1825-1917). 

 Indian politician. Born at Bom- 

 bay, Sept. 4, 1825, the son of a 

 Parsee priest, 

 he was educa- 

 ted at Elphin- 

 stone school 

 and college. 

 He returned to 

 it in 1854 as 

 professor of 

 mathematics 

 and natural 

 philosophy, an 

 appointment 

 he held until 1855, when he went 

 to England to engage in business. 

 Naoroji unsuccessfully contested 

 the Holborn division of Finsbury 

 as a Liberal in 1886. Elected in 

 18!)2 for Central Finsbury, the first 

 Indian member to sit in the 

 British House of Commons, he 

 lost his seat in 1895. In 1886 and 

 1893 he was president of the 

 Indian national congress. He died 

 at Bombay, July 1, 1917. He 

 published Poverty and Un-British 

 Rule in India, 1901, and other 

 works dealing with Indian problems. 

 Nap OR NAPOLEON. Card game. 

 It is played with a full pack, the 

 cards bearing the same value as in 

 whist. The dealer deals five cards 

 to each player, usually three to 

 five in number, the one on his 

 left having first call. There are 

 calls of two, misere (in which the 

 caller undertakes to lose every 

 trick), three, four, and five, the 

 latter being known as " nap." The 

 player calling the highest, leads, 



Dadabhai Naoroji, 

 Indian politician 



Nautwicn, Cheshire. Cruciform parish choicu of 

 S. Mary and S. Nicholas 



and endeavours to make his tricks ; 

 he chooses his own trumps, the 

 first card he plays indicating of 

 which suit. If he makes all his 

 tricks he receives payment accord- 



distillation of 

 crude petroleum. 

 This latter naph- 

 tha, having a spe- 

 cific gravity of 

 about 0-700, is 

 much used for 

 cleaning purposes, 

 including the 

 cleansing of oil 

 wells themselves, 

 for making oil- 

 cloths, and illu 

 tninating gas, and 

 for adulterating 

 ordinary lamp 

 petroleum or 

 kerosine. It has 

 been introduced 

 into soap, and undoubtedly assists 

 its cleansing properties owing to its 

 affinity for grease. See Petroleum. 

 Naphthalene. White solid hy 

 drocarbon. with a characteristic 



ing to the number of his call ; or, smell, one of the products of the 



tailing, has to pay each player in 

 the same proportion. It is usual 

 for the caller of " nap," when suc- 

 cessful, to be paid double stakes. 

 Also it is sometimes arranged 

 beforehand that a player going 

 " ' nap " may have the option of 

 picking up the top card of the re- 

 mainder of the pack and substitut- 



dry distillation of coal. The coal 

 tar of gas works is the chief source 

 of naphthalene. It was discovered 

 by Garden in 1819 in coal tar, and 

 its chemical composition was in- 

 vestigated in 1826 by Faraday, 

 who assigned to it the formula 

 C 10 H,. It forms from 5 to 10 p.c. 

 by weight of crude coal tar, and is 



ing it for one of his original five, if obtained on the large scale from 



so disposed 



Napata. Ancient Nubian city 



the "middle-oil" fraction ob- 

 tained by distilling coal tar, the oil 



on the right bank of the Nile, under containing about 30 p.c. of naph- 



Mount Barkal, below the 4th cata 

 ract. An early centre of Sudanese 

 trade, it became the S. frontier of 

 XVIIIth-dynasty Egypt, and im- 

 migrant Theban priests established 

 control over the independent 

 Ethiopian kingdom which gave 



thalene. The crude product is puri- 

 fied by treating it with caustic soda 

 to remove phenol and again dis- 

 tilling. The crystalline mass ob- 

 tained is separated from adhering 

 oil by means of a filter press. 

 Naphthalene is employed for 



Egypt its XXVth dynasty. The making sulphonic acids, naphthols, 

 slender pyramids, Amon temple, ani naphthylaimnes needed in the 

 and funerary shrine of Taharka dyeing industry, and especially for 



(2 Kings, 19) are 

 Egyptian. See Meroe. 



Naphtali. Name of one of the 

 ten northern tribes of Israel, and of 

 its traditional ancestor, the sixth 

 son of Jacob. He was Bilhah's 

 second son, Gen. xxx, 7, 8. The 



essentially the manufacture of phthalic acid 

 required for synthetic indigo and 

 eosin dyes. It is used also for en- 

 riching or carburetting water-gas 

 to make it luminous, and as albo- 

 carbon for increasing the lumin- 

 osity of coal gas. Naphthalene is a 



tribe was settled in fertile territory powerful antiseptic, and preserves 



W. and N.W. of the Sea of Galilee, 

 and was among the first to be led 

 into captivity (2 Kings, 15; 

 Isaiah, 9). 



Naphtha. Strictly, liquid bitu- 

 men. Originally the word was used 

 for the inflammable liquid which 

 exuded from the soil in certain 

 parts of Persia ; and so for any 

 mineral oil of the E. 



Properly the term should be con- 

 fined to, first, the pure and limpid 



woollen goods and furs from moths 

 Naphthol, ALPHA AND BETA. 

 Solid hydrocarbons, closely related 

 to the phenols hi their chemical 

 properties. The chemical formula 

 for the naphthols is C 10 H 7 OH. 

 Alpha-naphthol was first made by 

 Griess in 1867 by the action of 

 nitrous acid on alpha-naphthy- 

 lamine. Beta-naphthol is prepared 

 from sodium beta-naphthalene- 

 sulphonate. Both the naphthols 



oil which is yielded by certain of the are powerful antiseptics, and are 



wells of the Caspian, the specific used as the starting-point in the 



gravity of which ranges between manufacture of important aniline 



0-700 and 0'850, and is known as dyes. Alpha-naphthol is employed 



native naphtha ; and, secondly, to to preserve the albumen used in 



one of the products yielded in the calico printing. 



