NAPOLEONITE 



9037 



NARBADA 



its sufferings from heat and 



li.'l--i.i. Sm . I, nsk was taken with 

 loss on Aug. 10 and 17. Napoleon 

 M"W hi-Mt itrd as to postponing his 



\ till the next your, but his 

 f. Miner sound judgement* \\eie 



lierominn dimmed by Ills In -lief 



iii his own infallibility, ao he 



pushed on, and on Sept. 7 fought 



:' ni nary battle of the Boro- 



lino. 1 1 was not decisive, but the 



It, the road to Moacow 

 elear, ami Napoleon entered that 

 city on Sept. II. only to be wel- 

 ei imed by a three days' fire which 

 I ii. I the deserted city in ruins. 

 Hi- b.^m tin- retreat on Oct. 19 

 with 115,000 men. Forced by 

 pressure from the S., he waa 

 obliged to retreat by hia line of ad- 

 vance already denuded of supplies, 

 m\d bis army perished from hunger 

 and cold. The crossing of the 

 Meresina on Nov. 27 and 28 com- 

 pleted the disaster. 



The Line o! the Elbe 



By supreme efforts Napoleon had 

 raised another army by March, 

 1813, and moved it to the Elbe. 

 The Russians, now joined by the 

 Prussians, had moved into Ger- 

 many, the combined army being 

 under Wittgenstein. Napoleon as- 

 sumed command on April 25 at 

 Erfurt, and as usual decided to 

 attack. At Lutzen, May 2, Witt- 

 genstein began an attack on the 

 French advanced guard, while he 

 directed the bulk of his forces 

 against Napoleon's right and rear. 

 This turning movement was de- 

 tected in time by Napoleon, and 

 he was able to repulse the allies. 



At Bautzen, May 21 and 22, he 

 again drove back Wittgenstein, 

 but without conspicuous success ; 

 and immediately after concluded 

 an armistice which was more to the 

 allied advantage than to his own. 

 In the autumn campaign, he had 

 to face a far stronger combination 

 of Austrians and Swedes, in addi- 

 tion to the now reinforced Russians 

 and Prussians. Undaunted, he 

 would not fall back on France, but, 

 making his headquarters at Dres- 

 den, where he defeated Schwarz- 

 enberg on Aug. 27, he decided to 

 defend the line of the Elbe, un- 

 doubtedly a strategical mistake 

 in the circumstances. Hia men 

 were not fit to cany out his plans, 

 and his pians were not ao clear as 

 they used to be ; and in the 

 battle of the nations, Leipzig, Oct. 

 16 to 18, he waa definitely defeated. 



Meanwhile. Wellington was 

 bringing pressure from the S. 

 Each conquered nation in turn, 

 as it escaped from Napoleon's 

 grasp, added its quota to his 

 Foes, and the campaign in Cham- 

 pagne in 1814 was the despairing 

 effort of the lion at bay. In many 



ways it was one of his fineat effort*. 

 Schwarzenberg waa advancing 

 from I'.usd.and Blucher on the line 

 of the Moselle, each with an army 

 superior in n umbere to Napoleon's; 

 while Bulow and Win/.ingerode 

 were threatening from the N., 

 Wellington from the Pyrenees, and 

 Mur.it from Italy. Generally, 

 Blucher'a advance on Paris waa 

 along the Marno, while Schwarzen- 

 berg moved down the Seine, and 

 Napoleon made superb strategical 

 use of these converging rivers. 



Leaving hia marshals to hold 

 the crossings, he kept bis main 

 body between them, and came to 

 the assistance of the aide moat 

 immediately threatened. Thus he 

 drove back Blucher from Brienne, 

 Jan. 29, defeated him at La Ferte 

 on the M urn-, Feb. 11, and again 

 at Vauxchamps, Feb. 14, and so 

 stopped his direct line of advance 

 on Paris, but Winzingerode was 

 now at Soissons. Napoleon turned 

 S. and drove Schwarzenberg, whose 

 advance had reached Mormant, to 

 the left bank of the Seine, Feb. 17, 

 and towards Troyes. Napoleon 

 then moved to meet Blucher on 

 the Marne, and driving him N. as 

 far as Laon, March 10, de- 

 feated his left wing at Reims, 

 March 13. Schwarzenberg risked 

 his communications, joined hands 

 with Blucher, and they moved on 

 Paris, which capitulated March 29 

 Waterloo 



In 1 8 1 5 Napoleon had again raised 

 a French army to defy Europe. 

 With his usual rapidity, he defeated 

 the unprepared Prussians at Ligny, 

 June 16, but Ney failed to drive 

 Wellington's advanced guard from 

 Quatre Bras, and the obstinate 

 Blucber, instead of retreating E. 

 on Liege, moved N. and joined 

 Wellington on the field of Waterloo. 



Bibliography. The Campaign of 

 Waterloo, J. C. Roper, 3rd ed. 1895; 

 Cambridge Modern History, vol. 9, 

 ed. Lord Acton, 1902-10; Napoleon's 

 Campaign in Italy, 1912; ana Napo- 

 leon's Invasion of Russia, R. G. 

 Burton, 1914. 



Napoleonite OR CORSITK. In 

 mineralogy, a variety of diorite. 

 So called from its occurrence in 

 Corsica, near Ajaocio, it has an 

 orbicular structure which makes it, 

 when cut and polished, a beautiful 

 ornamental stone. From many 

 points radiate concentric rings of 

 dark and light coloured stone, the 

 light consisting of felspar and the 

 dark of hornblende. 



Naquet, JOSEPH ALFRED (1834- 

 1916). French politician and writer. 

 Born at Carpentras, Vaucluae, 

 Oct. 6, 1834, he became a doctor, 

 and waa professor of chemistry at 

 Palermo, 1863-65. Prosecuted for 

 political writings in 1867, he was 

 a member of the republican govern- 



J. A. Naquet. 

 French politician 



ment'M defence communion, 1870- 

 71, and sat M a Radical deputy 

 from 1871, and in the senate for 

 Vaucluse from 

 .wards. 



A Hup]" 



Boulanger, 

 1888, he re- 

 entered the 

 chamber of de- 

 puties in 1893, 

 and, after be- 

 ing unsuccess- 

 fully prose- 

 cuted in con- 

 nexion with the Panama affair, 

 1898, retired from public life. In 

 1900 he joined the Socialist party, 

 and died in Paris, Nov. 12, 1916. 



Nara. City of Japan, in Honshu. 

 It is 26 m. E. of Osaka and 26 m. 

 S.E. of Kyoto, and occupies a 

 small part of the site of the ancient 

 city, whoae palaces and public and 

 private buildings covered an ex- 

 tensive area now under cultivation. 

 In the 8th century the city waa the 

 capital of Japan ; it declined for 

 centuriea, but aince 1868 has made 

 some progress. Several temples, 

 the chief of which is Kasuga-jinsha, 

 are permanent reminders of former 

 greatness. Pop. 33,000. See Japan. 

 Naramsin. King of Akkad, 

 N. Babylonia. Neo-Babylonian 

 tradition made him son and suc- 

 cessor of Sargon I ; Nabonidus's 

 record that Naramsin's foundation 

 inscription, unearthed at Sippara 

 about 550 B.C., had been hidden for 

 3,200 years, would date hia reign 

 3750 B.O. Some scholars consider 

 this to be 1,000 years too early, 

 and inscriptions prove that several 

 other kings succeeded Sargon 

 before Naramsin's reign. His vic- 

 tory stela from Susa is a supreme 

 example of early Mesopotamian 

 art. See Babylonia. 



Narasinha OR NARSINGH. In 

 Hindu mythology, one of the nine 

 incarnations of Vishnu (q.v.). He 

 appeared in the form of a man with 

 the head and paws of a lion. 



Narayanganj. Town of Bengal, 

 India, in the Dacca dist. It is a 

 rly. terminus S. of Dacca on the 

 Dhaleswari distributary of the 

 Brahmaputra, and is a centre for 

 the traffic in rice and jute. Pop. 

 27,900. 



Narbada OR NERBUDDA. River 

 of the N. Deccan, India. It rises 

 near Mt. Amarkantak in the 

 Maikal range, the E. end of the 

 Satpura Mts., and flows almost due 

 W. between the Satpuras and the 

 Vindhya Mts. Its mouth is in the 

 Gulf of Cambay, an inlet of the 

 Arabian Sea. It is 800 m. long. 

 Near Jubbulpore, the river winds 

 in a gorge between cliffs of white 

 marble, the celebrated Marble 

 Rocks. 



