NAUMBURG 



5657 



NAUTILUS 



In 1014 he upheld the violation of 

 IMyian neutrality. After the 

 .1 .wnfiill of Germany in 1918 be 

 leader of the new demo- 

 cratic party. 



Naunmim'a name was very 

 prominent in the Great War owing 

 to his advocacy of a central Euro- 

 pean league, Mitteleuropa. In 

 addition to his Mitteleuropa, 1915, 

 Naumann wrote Weltpohtik and 

 Social Reform, 1898; Navy and 

 Ki.ntion, 1899; and Democracy 

 and Kaiserdom, 1900. He died 

 at Travemunde, Aug. 24, 1919. 



Naumburg. Town of Prussia. 

 It stands on the Saale, near its 

 confluence with the Unstrut, about 

 30 m. from Halle. The Protestant 

 cathedral of the 12th and 13th 

 centuries, partly Romanesque and 

 partly Gothic, baa four towers. 

 Another interesting building is 

 the restored church of S. Wences- 

 laus, and there is a town hall of 

 the 17th century. The industries 

 include the making of textiles, 

 chemicals, etc. In the Middle 

 Ages Naumburg was in the mar- 

 graviate of Meissen and then in 

 the bishopric of Zeitz. In 1564, 

 consequent upon the change of the 

 Reformation period, it passed to 

 the electors of Saxony, and it 

 remained Saxon until handed over 

 to Prussia in 1814. Pop. 27,000. 



Naupaktos (mod. Lepanto). 

 City of ancient Greece, in the 

 county of the Locri Ozolae, on the 

 N. coast of the Corinthian Gulf. It 

 had a good harbour, now almost 

 entirely silted up. The Athenians 

 settled Naupaktos with Messenians 

 deported after the war with Sparta 

 in 455 B.C., and used it as a naval 

 base in the Peloponnesian war. 

 Naupaktos was in the possession of 

 Aetolia, when it was taken by the 

 Romans after a siege in 191 B.C. 



Nauplia OR NAVPLIA. Town 

 and port of Greece. Anciently the 

 port of Argos, 6 m. N.W., it lies 

 on the N.E.,side of the gulf of the 

 same name, and has a fair shipping 

 trade. In the Middle Ages it be- 

 longed to Venice. It passed to the 

 Turks, from whom it was taken by 

 the Greeks in 1822, and was their 

 capital until 1834. The rly. from 

 Corinth runs to the head of the gulf, 

 and then divides, one branch going 

 S.E. to Nauplia, and the other W. 

 to Kyparissia and S.W. to Kala- 

 mata. Pop. 12,000. 



Nauplia, GULF or. Arm of the 

 Aegean Sea, Greece. It lies be- 

 tween two peninsulas of the Morea, 

 ia 20 m. across its entrance and 30 

 m. long. Spezzia is the chief of 

 numerous islands. The Xeria river 

 on which Argos stands flows into it. 



Nausea. Sensation of impending 

 vomiting. It is a symptom of many 

 disorders. See Vomiting. 



Naniicaa. Ancient Greek poniU. They were very similar in 

 heroine mentioned in the Odyssey, form to the existing nautilus (q.v.), 

 vi. She waa the daughter of Al- the only remaining living genus 

 cinous, king of the Pbaeacians, and of the order See Cephalopoda, 

 the shipwrecked ' 



Odysseus found 

 her playing at ball 

 with her maidens 

 on the shore. 

 Pitying his plight, 

 she conducted 

 him to her father, 

 by whom he was 

 hospitably enter- 

 t a i n e d. See 

 Odyssey. 



Nantch Girl 

 (Hind, nach, 

 dance). Indian 

 dancer. These 

 girls are carefully 



chosen for their 



Nautcb Girl. Punjabi dancing girls from Delhi, 



beauty when 

 young to be 

 priestesses to the god Rondzu, the 

 fifth daughter being supposed to be 

 specially suitable. . Apart from 

 their dancing in the temples, they 

 are hired to amuse guests by danc- 

 ing and singing. The dance con- 



Naumburg, Prussia. Early 17th century town ball 

 and part of the Market Square 



sists of posturing and slow steps, 

 each part of the body being made 

 to express emotion. The dancers' 

 costumes are very rich, covered 

 often with jewels. See Dancing. 



Nautical Almanac. Publica- 

 tion containing tables and astro- 

 nomical data for the use of seamen. 

 The best known is the British 

 Nautical Almanac, while others 

 are published by the U.S. A., France, 

 and Germany. The British Nauti- 

 cal Almanac was first issued in 

 1767 under the superintendence of 

 the Royal Astronomical Society, 

 and from 1834 by the Admiralty. 

 It is usually issued two or three 

 years in advance for the sake of 

 mariners. The offices are at 3, 

 Verulam Bldgs., Gray's Inn, Lon- 

 don, W.C. See Meteorology. 



Nantiloidea(Gr. nautilos, sailor , 

 eidos, form). Fossil cephalopoda. 

 Remains of nautiloidea are found 

 in Cambrian to present-day de- 



witb tbeir musicians 



Nautilus. Genus of cephalo- 

 podous (head-footed) molluscs, re- 

 lated to the cuttles, but having a 

 spiral chambered shell. It is dis- 

 tinguished from all other cephalo- 

 pods by having four gills instead of 

 two. It lacks the 

 tentacles of the 

 cuttles, but has 

 fringed lobe? 

 round the mouth. 

 It crawls by means 

 of its foot on the 

 bed of the ocean 

 like a snail, and 

 feeds upon other 

 molluscs and small 

 crustaceans. It is 

 also able to swim 

 like the cuttles in 

 a series of back- 

 ward jerks by 

 expelling water 

 forcibly from its 

 siphon. 



There are probably only three 

 living species of nautilus, of which 

 the pearly nautilus is the best 

 known. It gains its name from the 

 beautiful, white, pearly shells, 

 valued by collectors, but in the 

 living state the exterior of the shell 

 is dull and porcellaneous, the colour 

 pale brown with broad bands of 

 darker brown. Internally the shell 

 is remarkable for its division by 

 septa or thin walls into a series of 

 chambers which mark stages in the 

 growth of the animal. The nautilus 

 occupies the outermost chamber 

 only. The others are united by a 

 slender tube or siphuncle which 

 extends to the apex of the shell. 

 The purpose of this is not yet 

 known. On some parts of the 

 coast of India the flesh is salted 

 and dried for food. 



The nautilus is of interest to the 

 palaeontologist as being a survival 

 of one of the oldest groups of exist- 



