NAVAL RESERVE 



S630 



NAVE 



Naval Reserve, ROYAL. British 



unit. It was established in 



1859 to form a reserve from which 



tn ilr.iu in the 



event of war, 



< ii i 1 1 < I \ n| 

 <>f 1 1 1- IT B and 

 in en of the 

 m e r o a n tilo 



.nc. 



<> Hirers could Naval Reserve, 

 join as mid- officer'* badge 

 xliipiiicn during their apprentice- 

 ship j)eriod, or as sub-lieutenants, 

 or paymasters, up to the age of 30. 

 Tins had to do at least one year's 

 t mining aboard a warship, and also 

 to undergo instruction in gunnery 

 and torpedo schools. While in the 

 R.N.B. they received a small 

 annual retainer. Seamen and 

 engine-room ratings joined for a 

 period of five years at a time, and 

 could serve for four such periods, 

 receiving retainers of from 6 

 to 10 per year, and were liable 

 to be called up for service when 

 required. 



R.N.R. ratings are now enrolled 

 for a term of five years, and the 

 total period of any man's service 

 in the reserve will not exceed five 

 terms of five years each, the last 

 term being for shore and harbour 

 service only. The higher ratings 

 of chief engine-room artificer, 

 petty officer, and stoker petty 

 officer, instituted during the Great 

 War, were retained under the new 

 scheme and, in addition, chief petty 

 ottteer ratings were instituted for 



unen and stoker branches. 

 The R.N.R. was mobilised on 

 Aug. 3, 1914,and by Aug., 1917, the 

 officers had increased from fewer 

 than 2,000 to close upon 12,000. It 

 served in almost every sea, and 

 took part in mine-sweeping and in 

 patrol duty. Men of the naval re- 

 serve were engaged in historic single 

 fights, as those of the Ortega and 

 Karlsruhe ; Carmania and Cap Tra- 

 falgar ; Alcantara and Greif. See 

 Mercantile Marine ; Navy, British. 

 Navan. Market town and urban 

 dist. of co. Meath, Ireland. Stand- 

 ing where the Blackwater falls into 

 the Boyne, it is a 

 junction for the 

 M.G.W.andG.N. 

 Rlys., 30 m. from 

 Dublin. The 

 town has a trade 

 in agricultural 

 produce and 

 some manufac- 

 Navan arms tures. It is also 

 a hunting and fishing centre. Set- 

 tled by the English, it was fortified 

 and given a corporation. It sent 

 two members to the Irish parlia- 

 ment until 1800. Market day, 

 Wed. Pop. 3,900. 



Navarino, HATTLE or. De- 

 -i i n. -t ion of a Turkish fleet by the 

 British and their allies, Oct. 20, 

 1827. It was the decisive! battle of 

 the Greek War of Liberation. 

 Egyptian forces, under Ibrahim 

 Paaha, had landed in the Morea in 

 1825, under the noae of the Greek 

 fleet, which had lingered too long 

 in the Cyclades. Ibrahim inflicted 

 a terrible military defeat upon the 

 Greeks, and established himself at 

 Navarino, whither a combined 

 Egyptian and Turkish fleet trans- 

 ported reinforcement* from Crete. 

 A little later a large fleet arrived, 

 bringing him a notable accession of 

 strength from Egypt. Meanwhile 

 an allied squadron proceeded to 

 Navarino, Oct. 20, 1827. 



It was hoped that the Turks 

 would at once enter into negotia- 

 tions, but the situation had become 

 so tense that when a British boat 

 was fired upon the whole line burst 

 into flame, and a furious fight raged 

 at the closest quarters. Probably 

 no battle had ever been more 

 speedily decisive. Within two hours 

 the Ottoman fleet was destroyed, 

 and next morning Codrington 

 wrote : " Out of a fleet composed 

 of 81 men-of-war, only one frigate 

 and 15 smaller vessels are in a state 

 ever to put to sea again." The 

 battle was tactically complete, and 

 it was so strategically decisive that 

 Ibrahim's communications were 

 cut. Navarino, now called Pylos, 

 is a seaport in the Morea, with a 

 fine harbour. See Pylos. 



Navarre. Former kingdom of 

 S.W. Europe. Its territory lay on 

 the western borders of France and 

 Spain at the angle of the Bay of 

 Biscay ; and it included the W. part 

 of the Pyrenees with a small part 

 of Gascony and a considerable but 

 varying area in Spain. The popula- 

 tion was mainly Basque. When 

 the Saracens conquered most of 

 Spain in the 8th century, the Gothic 

 Christian nobles held their ground 

 in the northern mountains, and by 

 degrees established kingdoms. 



Of these, in the early years 

 of the llth century, the strongest 

 was that of Sancho the Great, king 

 of Navarre, who died in 1035. A 

 hundred years later, under Alphon- 

 so I, Navarre seemed likely to ab- 

 sorb the Christian monarchies. In 

 1234, however, the crown passed to 

 Theobald, count of Champagne, a 

 feudatory of France, and in 1284 

 Navarre became an appanage of 

 the French crown by the marriage 

 of King Philip IV with its heiress. 

 On the death of Louis X, 1316, 

 Navarre passed to his daughter 

 and then to her son Charles the 

 Bad, being again parted from the 

 French crown, which passed by 

 male succession only. 



ho 15th century the crown* 

 of Navarre and Aragon were united 

 by the marriage of Blanche of 

 Navarre to John of Aragon ; on 

 In 'li-uth, in 1479, Aragon went to 

 Ferdinand, hi* ton by a second 

 marriage, while Navarre was 

 claimed by Catherine of Foiz, 

 his grand-daughter by the first 

 marriage. Catherine married the 

 French Constable, Jean d'Albret, 

 and retained French Navarre with 

 the royal title, while Ferdinand 

 annexed Spanish Navarre. Her 

 daughter, Jeanne d'Albret, mar- 

 ried Antony of Bourbon, and was 

 the mother of King Henry of 

 Navarre, who succeeded to the 

 French throne as Henry IV in 1589 

 the first of the Bourbon kings of 

 France. In 1620, eleven years after 

 his death, French Navarre ceased 

 to have the status of a kingdom. 



Navarre. Frontier prov. of N. 

 Spain, bounded N. by France and 

 sloping S. to the Ebro. Traversed by 

 the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian 

 Mts.,it is almost wholly mountain- 

 ous, reaching in Mt. Adi an alt. of 

 4,930 ft. Excepting the Bidassoa, 

 which flows N. to the Bay of Biscay, 

 the rivers run S., falling into the 

 Ebro. On the hills, pine, beech, oak, 

 and chestnut forests abound; the 

 valleys are fertile, yielding cereals, 

 flax, wine, and oil. Sheep and 

 cattle are reared on the grassy up- 

 lands, and game and fresh -water 

 fish are abundant. The chief ex- 

 ports are livestock, wine, oil, wool, 

 leather, and paper. The principal 

 towns are Pamplona, the capital, 

 and Tudela. Its area is 4,055 

 sq. m.^ Pop. 316,400. 



Navarrete, BATTLE OF. Fought 

 between the English under the 

 Black Prince and the Spaniards, 

 April 3, 1367. 



The Black Prince entered Spain 

 in the interests of Pedro the 

 Cruel, king of Castile, with some 

 30,000 English, French, and mer- 

 cenary troops. The Spaniards, 

 under Henry of Trastamara, the 

 rival of Pedro, soon came into 

 touch with him, and joined battle 

 at Navarrete, a village near the 

 French frontier. The English were 

 in three lines, the first under Sir 

 John Chandos, and they fought 

 dismounted with archers on their 

 flanks. The first of the Spanish 

 lines, also dismounted, was under 

 Du Guesclin. At first the English 

 were forced back, but their archers 

 came to the rescue, the prince 

 hurried up his reserves, and soon 

 the Spaniards were in flight, pur- 

 sued by the English. The battle 

 is described by Froissart. 



Nave (Lat. navis, a ship). In 

 ecclesiastical architecture, the 

 largest, i.e. the middle, section of a 

 church divided by piers or columns 



