NAVY BOARD 



NAZARENE 



impetus to power. The progressive 

 and fearless administration of 

 Lord Fisher gave the navy ships 

 mounting nothing but big guns, 

 with an auxiliary or secondary ar- 

 mament for anti-torpedo pur- 

 poses. Thus the Dreadnought be- 

 came the first of the magnificent 

 vessels which made England the 

 undisputed mistress of the seas. 



The fleets were of unexampled 

 power ; they were brought to the 

 highest pitch of efficiency ; they 

 were provided with repair and 

 auxiliary ships, which made them 

 largely independent of the dock- 

 yards, and the whole naval front 

 was swung round from the Channel 

 to the North Sea. Oil to a very 

 great extent replaced coal as fuel. 

 The practical and scientific train- 

 ing of officers and men progressed. 

 After the war came a period such 

 as has followed most wars naval 

 reductions, the sale or breaking- 

 up of ships, and discussion of war 

 lessons and types of ships. 



A few figures will illustrate the 

 expansion of the navy. In the 

 year of Trafalgar the fleet had 

 120,000 officers and men and cost 

 15,035,630. The smallest yearly 

 sum ever subsequently expended 

 on the navy was in 1835-36, when 

 the numbers were 26,500 and the 

 expenditure was 4,434,783. On 

 Jan. 1, 1914, the numbers were 

 144,871, and the expenditure for 

 1913-14 was 48,809,000. The 

 strength of the navy at the armis- 

 tice, Nov. 11, 1918, was 415,000, 

 but by Nov., 1919, it had been 

 reduced to 162,000, and the 1921- 

 22 estimate was for 127,500 men. 

 The navy expenditure for the 

 financial year 1923-24 was esti- 

 mated at 58,000,000. For the 

 naval reduction, 1921, see the entry 

 Washington Conference. 



Bibliography. Naval History of 

 Great Britain, W. James and Capt. 

 Chamier, new ed. 1886; Drake and 

 the Tudor Navy, with History of 

 the Rise of England as a Maritime 

 Power, J. S. Corbett, 1898 ; The 

 Royal Navy, 7 vols., W. L. Clowes. 

 1897-1903 ; A Short History of the 

 Royal Navy, D. Hannay, 1909. 



Navy Board. Former depart- 

 ment of the British naval adminis- 

 tration. It dates from the reign of 

 Henry VIII, and was that part of 

 the board of admiralty responsible 

 for civil administration, including 

 the work of shipbuilding, dock- 

 yards, etc., as distinct from the 

 office of lord high admiral. The or- 

 ganization was changed from time 

 to time, but the divided control 

 was maintained. In 1683 the work 

 of victualling the fleet was taken 

 from the navy board. This divided 

 control came to an end in 1831, 

 when both the navy board and the 

 victualling board were abolished as 



distinct departments, and came 

 under the direct control of the ad- 

 miralty. In the U.S.A. the depart- 

 ment of the navy which corre- 

 sponds to the British admiralty is 

 sometimes known as the navy 

 board. See Admiralty, Board of. 



Navy Club, ROYAL. British 

 club. It is an amalgamation, 

 effected in 1888, of the Navy 

 Society, a dining club of naval 

 officers founded in 1765, and of a 

 similar company called the Navy 

 Club, of which Nelson was a 

 member, founded in 1785. Dinners 

 are now held to celebrate naval 

 victories and the like. 



Navy League. British society 

 founded in 1895 for the purpose of 

 arousing and maintaining interest 

 in the navy, and keeping it strong 

 and efficient. The league carries on 

 propaganda by means of lectures 

 and publications in all parts of the 

 British dominions. Its head office 

 is at Victoria Street, London, S.W. 



Navy League, GERMAN. Or- 

 ganization founded on April 30, 

 1898, to popularise the Kaiser's big 

 navy policy. The league grew 

 rapidly in strength, and at the out- 

 break of the Great War in 1914 its 

 membership was more than a mil- 

 lion. Prince William of Wied was 

 its first president, succeeded later 

 by Grand- Admiral von Koester. 



Navy List. Official handbook 

 of the British navy. It was first 

 issued in 1814, and has been pub- 

 lished monthly almost ever since. 

 It gives in normal times the names 

 of all officers in the different 

 branches of the service, and also 

 the names of all H.M. ships and 

 the services they are engaged 

 upon. The quarterly Navy List 

 contains full information about 

 the various admiralty depart- 

 ments, in addition to the details 

 published in the monthly lists. 



Navy Records Society. British 

 society founded for the purpose of 

 printing rare and unpublished 

 works of naval interest. It aims 

 at making accessible the sources of 

 British naval history and elucidat- 

 ing questions of naval archaeo- 

 logy, construction, administration, 

 organization, and social life. 



Nawanagar. Native state and 

 town of India, in Bombay Pre- 

 sidency. The state occupies the 

 N.W. of the peninsula, with a 

 coast-line on the Gulf of Cutch and 

 the Little Rann of Cutch. Native 

 food grains and wheat are grown. 

 It has an area of 3,791 sq. m. Pop. 

 349,000. The town is a port on the 

 Gulf of Cutch, on the N.W. coast 

 of the Kathiawar peninsula, 160 

 m. W.S.W. of Ahmadabad ; it con- 

 tains cloth factories, has a pearl 

 fishery, and considerable trade. It 

 is a rly. terminus. Pop. 45,900. 



Na worth Castle. Seat of the 

 earl of Carlisle. In Cumberland, 

 llm. from Carlisle, it was built in 

 the 14th century by a member of 

 the Dacre family. In 1577 it 

 passed by marriage from the 

 Dacres to the Howards. Restored 

 after a fire in 1844, it is built round 

 a central courtyard. The chief 

 apartments are the great hall, the 

 oratory, and the rooms occupied by 

 Belted Will (Lord William Ho- 

 ward). Naworth has a station 

 on the N.E. Rly. See Carlisle, 

 Earl of ; Howard. 



Naxos OR NAXIA. Largest island 

 of the Cyclades group, in the 

 Grecian Archipelago. It has a 

 length of 21 m. and a breadth of 

 15 m. ; area about 175 sq. m. 

 Mountainous, picturesque, and 

 fertile, its culminating point is 

 Mt. Zea, alt. 3,300 ft. It is noted 

 for. its choice wine, and produces 

 cereals, oil, fruit, cotton, and 

 emery. Its marble quarries have 

 been worked ever since the 6th 

 cent. B.C. The capital is Naxos, a 

 seaport city on the N.W. coast ; 

 it has an old castle, a remnant of 

 the Venetian period, when, with 

 neighbouring islands, it formed a 

 Venetian dukedom. It wa captured 

 by the Turks in 1566. Colonised by 

 lonians, about 1000 B.C., it suffered 

 in the Persian wars before joining 

 the Athenian league. Off Naxos, 

 376 B.C., the Athenians utterly 

 defeated the Spartans in a naval 

 engagement. Pop. 20,000. 



Nayar OR NAIR. People on the 

 Malabar coast, S. India. The 

 Narae of Pliny, situate between 

 Point Dely and Cape Comorin, they 

 numbered, in 1911, 1,129,466. A 

 community rather than a caste, 

 with exogamous clans, they retain 

 various matriarchal customs, ma- 

 trilineal descent, and a form of 

 union, sambandham, which involves 

 no marital obligation and no dowry. 

 This received government recog- 

 nition in 1896. See Polyandry. 



Nayarit. State of Mexico. It is 

 centrally placed on the Pacific 

 coast, and is backed by the Sierra 

 de Nayarit. The chief river is the 

 Santiago or Rio Grande de Lerma. 

 The principal products are wheat, 

 sugar, tobacco, coffee, and palm 

 oil, and the mining of gold, silver, 

 and lead is carried on. Tepic is the 

 capital. Area 11,300 sq. m. Pop. 

 175,750. 



Nazarene. Term used in the 

 N.T. In Matt, ii, 23, it is said that 

 Joseph went and dwelt in a city 

 called Nazareth, " that it might be 

 fulfilled which was spoken by the 

 prophets, that He (i.e. the Messiah) 

 should be called a Nazarene." 

 The particular words spoken by 

 the prophets have not been pre- 

 served in the O.T. as we have it, 



