5676 



NEMOURS 



a touching leave of him, and, hear- 

 ing that a great and decisive vic- 

 tory had been won, he died at 

 4.30 p.m. with the last words on his 

 lips, " God and my country." 



Nelson was given a state funeral 

 in S. Paul's on Jan. 9, 1806. His 

 brother was created Earl Nelson of 

 Trafalgar and granted 108,000 to 

 purchase an estate, and a pension 

 of 5,000 a year. Horatia, his 

 daughter, died in 1881, leaving 

 many descendants of the family of 

 Nelson -Ward. Lady Nelson re- 

 ceived a pension of 2,000 a year, 

 but no notice was taken of Lady 

 Hamilton. 



Nelson's genius as an admiral lay 

 in his combination of marvellous 

 daring with energy, knowledge, and 

 judgement. He was not, as many 

 have imagined, a man who believed 

 in fighting whatever the risk. He 

 knew the exact limitations of naval 

 power. " I am not," he said, " one 

 of those hot-brained people who 

 fight at an immense disadvantage 

 without an adequate object." In 

 a letter to one of his friends, 

 Strachan, he said : " Only recol- 

 lect that it would be much better to 

 let the French ships escape than 

 to run too great a risk of losing 

 the Donegal (Strachan's flagship), 

 yourself, and your ship's company." 

 On the eve of the battle of Trafal- 

 gar he delayed his attack and fell 

 back towards Gibraltar, in the hope 

 that he would be joined by six 

 more ships. 



A Leader of Men 



Nelum's methods, with such a 

 superior force as was available in 

 the Great War, would have brought 

 decisive results against even such 

 a well-trained and well-equipped 

 fleet as the German. The French 

 and Spanish fleets of his day were 

 inferior in material and manned by 

 ill-trained men, and it is another 

 proof of his genius that he knew 

 exactly what liberties could safely 

 be taken with them. His decision, 

 energy, knowledge, personal mag- 

 netism, affection for his subordin- 

 ates, and sympathy for his seamen, 

 and his magnificent valour made 

 him one of the supreme leaders of 

 men. He was loved by those he 

 commanded, as was Napoleon. 



He always aimed at decisive vic- 

 tory. His method of gaining it was 

 based on a close study of tactics, in 

 which he had excelled since 1782. 

 He framed his plans with great 

 originality and care, and saw that 

 his officers thoroughly understood 

 them, with the result that in his 

 battles they always acted with 

 energy and without hesitation. He 

 disliked forming his fleet in a long 

 single line, the established plan at 

 that date, believing that from loss 

 of time, variable winds, or " thick 



Thomas Nelson, 

 British publisher 



weather," it never gave decisive 

 results. He was ready to face the 

 danger of his ships firing into one 

 another in order to concentrate 

 superior force on a part of the 

 enemy. See Column ; Copenhagen. 

 Bibliography. Despatches and 

 Letters, 'N. H. Nicolas, 7 vols., 1844- 

 46 ; Memoirs, T. J. Pettigrew, 2 vols., 

 1849 ; Hamilton and Nelson Papers, 

 Morrison Collection, 2 vols., 1893-94; 

 Lives, A. T. Mahan, rev. ed. 1899; 

 R. Southey, 1813, Everyman's 

 Library, 1908 ; Logs of Great Sea 

 Fights, T. S.Jackson, 2 vols., 1899- 

 1900 ; Fighting Instructions, J. S. 

 Corbett, 1905 ; Letters to Lady 

 Hamilton, Douglas Sladen, 1905 ; 

 Campaign of Trafalgar, J. S. Cor- 

 bett, 1910. 



Nelson, THOMAS, AND SONS. 

 British publishing and printing 

 house. Its founder, Thomas Nelson 

 (1780 - 1861), 

 was born near 

 Stirling, son of 

 a farmer. He 

 started busi- 

 ness in Edin- 

 burgh in 1798, 

 after expe- 

 rience in Lon- 

 don, and when 

 his two sons, 

 William(1816- 

 87) and Thon as (1822-92), were 

 taken into p; rtnership pro ;ress 

 was rapid. '\ homas invent 'd a 

 rotary press (1850), and other de- 

 vices affecting bookbinding, photo- 

 zincography, stereotyping, etc. 

 From the publication of cheap 

 religious works, the firm went on to 

 the issue of juvenile literature, gift 

 books, Royal Readers, and other 

 educational works, and entered into 

 partnership with Bartholomew & 

 Co. for the production of maps 

 and atlases. The London house 

 was established in 1844. 



Nematoda (Gr. nema, thread; 

 eidos, form). In zoology, an order 

 of metazoa, worm-like in form. 

 Many are parasitic in the human 

 being. See Ankylostomiasis ; As- 

 caris ; Filariasis. 



Nem. con. Abbreviation for 

 nemine contradicente, no one con- 

 tradicting. 



Nemea. Valley in Argolis, an- 

 cient Greece. Here Hercules was 

 said to have killed the Nemean 

 lion, and here, in the precincts of a 

 temple to Zeus, were celebrated 

 every two years the Nemean 

 games, one of the four great ath- 

 letic festivals of Greece. See Ludi. 

 Nemertea (Gr. N emeries, the 

 sea-nymph daughter of Nereus). 

 In zoology, a class of flat worms, 

 most of them marine. One or two 

 species occur on land, and a few 

 in fresh water. They are long and 

 ribbon-shaped, without limbs, and 

 vary in size from very minute 



forms to one marine species, which 

 is often nearly 100 ft. in length. 

 The most remarkable feature of 

 the Nemertines is the long, re- 

 tractile proboscis, forming a tube 

 within the body which can be 

 partly everted and extruded. It 

 is flung out like a lash, which coils 

 round the body of its victim and 

 draws it to the mouth. In some 

 species this proboscis is armed 

 with a spike connected with a 

 poison gland. See Worm. 



Nemesis. In Greek mythology, 

 daughter of Night and one of the 

 deities of the nether world. She 

 was the goddess of vengeance, 

 punishing the guilty, but at the 

 same time rewarding virtue, and 

 thus became the personification of 

 respect for law and justice. 



Nemeskossuth. Town of Czecho- 

 slovakia, in the S. of Slovakia, 

 formerly in Hungary. It is on the 

 main rly. line 27 m. E. of Bratis- 

 lava (Pressburg), close to the rly. 

 junction of Galanta. Pop. 1,200. 



Nemi. Crater lake of Central 

 Italy. It is in the Alban Hills, be- 

 tween Velletri and Albano, 20 m. 

 S.E. of Rome. It is 3 m. in circuit, 

 110 ft. deep, and lies at an alt. of 

 1.060 ft. ; area 70 acres. Of great 

 beautj 7 , it was called the Mirror of 

 Diana, whose temple was in a 

 neighbouring grove. It is still 

 drained by a tunnel excavated by 

 the Romans. Remains of two state 

 barges of Caligula's time have 

 been recovered, as also many other 

 Roman relics, including mosaics, 

 bronze ornaments, rings, ex-voto 

 statuettes, and coins. See Golden 

 Bough. 



Nemophila. Genus of annual 

 herbs of the natural order Hydro- 

 phyllaceae. N. insignia was intro- 

 duced from N. America in 1822; it 

 bears conspicuous saucer-shaped 

 blue flowers with white centres, 

 and flourishes in open borders 

 when sown in early spring, or 

 indoors in leaf-mould. 



Nemours. Town of France. 

 In the dept. of Seine-et-Marne, it 

 is 10 m. S. of Fontainebleau. 

 It stands on the Loing, while a rly. 

 line connects it with Paris. The 

 chief buildings are the 16th cen- 

 tury church and a castle. Sand 

 is quarried in the vicinity. Roman 

 remains have been found. Nemours 

 was the chief town of a county, 

 which in 1404 was made a duchy 

 for the king of Navarre. This be- 

 longed in turn to the families of 

 Bourbon, Armagnac, and Foix. 

 After the death of Gaston de Foix 

 in 1512, the duchy passed under 

 various rulers until, about 1670, it 

 was given by Louis XIV to his 

 brother Philip, duke of Orleans. 

 The Orleans family held it until 

 the Revolution. Pop. 5,000. :' 



