Charles Neut'eld, 

 German trader 



NEUE FREIE PRESSE 



of the 12th century, with later 

 additions ; an abbey church, built 

 in the 12th century, now used for 

 Protestant worship ; and a Renais- 

 sance market hall, erected in 1570. 

 There are a university, museums, 

 picture galleries, libraries, and 

 many educational and philan- 

 thropic institutions. Neuchatel has 

 a considerable trade in wine, and 

 manufactures watches, jewelry, 

 and printed goods. The inhabit- 

 ants are mainly French-speaking 

 Protestants. Pop. 23,700. 



Neue Freie Presse. Vienna's 

 leading daily newspaper. Founded 

 in 1864, before the Great War it 

 was a prominent Liberal organ and 

 regarded as an authority on finance. 

 Its war policy was strongly pro- 

 German. 



Neufeld, CHARLES (b. 1856). 

 German trader and contractor. A 

 native of Damerau, E. Prussia, he 

 was educated 

 at Konigs- 

 berg and Leip- 

 zig univer- 

 sities. He left a 

 trading b u s i- 

 ness in Upper 

 Egypt to join 

 the British 

 army of occu- 

 pation in Alex- 

 andria, first as 

 interpreter and then as a con- 

 tractor ; served in the Nile cam- 

 paign, 1884-85 ; assisted later in 

 the fortification of Assuan, and, 

 being captured by Dervishes in 

 1887, remained a prisoner of the 

 khalifa until the relief of Khar- 

 tum by Kitchener in 1898. He 

 wrote A Prisoner of the Khaleefa, 

 1899 ; and Under the Rebel's 

 Reign, 1900. 



Neuhaus. Town of Czecho- 

 slovakia, in S. Bohemia, 23 m. 

 S.E. of Tabor, now known as Jind- 

 richuv Hradec. It contains two 

 medieval churches, an old Jesuit 

 college, and a Franciscan monas- 

 tery. Pop. 10,000. 



Neuilly, TREATY OF. Treaty 

 signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine. Paris, 

 between the Allied powers and 

 Bulgaria, Nov. 27, 1919. By it 

 Bulgaria ceded small portions of 

 territory on its W. frontier to 

 Yugo-Slavia and lost a large part 

 of Thrace, on the Aegean Sea. The 

 Dobruja, given to her by the treaty 

 of Bukarest, 1918, was restored to 

 Rumania, and in addition she. had 

 to demobilise her army, surrender 

 all arms and munitions of war, and 

 carry out certain reparations con- 

 ditions. See Bulgaria ; Dobruja ; 

 Greece ; Rumania ; Thrace. 



Neuilly-sur-Seine. Suburb of 

 Paris. Lying E. of the Avenue de 

 Champs Elysees and N. of the Bois 

 de Boulogne, it is entered at the 



569O 



Porte Maillot and extends to the 

 Seine. On the N. was a chateau of 

 Louis Philippe, destroyed by the 

 mob in 1848. Its midsummer fair 

 is a great popular festival fre- 

 quented by Parisians. Pop. 45,000. 



Neu Langenburg OR NTTJKUYU. 

 Town of Tanganyika Territory, 

 formerly German East Africa. The 

 chief town of the district of Langen- 

 burg, it is situated near the frontier 

 of N. Rhodesia, and N.W. of the 

 head of Lake Nyasa. It was cap- 

 tured by Gen. Northey's Rhodesian 

 and Nyasaland force in May, 1916, 

 and Alt or Old Langenburg, 40 m. 

 S.E. on Lake Nyasa, fell to him 

 early in June. See East Africa, 

 Conquest of. 



Neumunster. Town of Prussia 

 in Slesvig-Holstein. It is on the 

 Schwale near Stor, 18 m. S.S.W. of 

 Kiel, on the Altona-Kiel rly. Its 

 chief industries are the manufac- 

 ture of leather, paper, cloth, iron, 

 and machinery, and there are 

 breweries and locomotive works. 

 The district, originally known as 

 Wip Pendorp, derives its name 

 from an Augustinian monastery, 

 founded 1130, and transferred to 

 Bordesholm in 1326. It became 

 a town in 1870. Pop. 35,000. 



NeuosseggOROssEGG. Village 

 of Bohemia. It lies at the foot of 

 the Erzgebirge on the Biela, a 

 tributary of the Elbe. A noted 

 summer resort, it possesses a Cis- 

 tercian monastery, founded 1192. 



Ncuquen. Territory in the W. 

 of Argentina. It is bounded N. by 

 the river Colorado and S. by the 

 river Limay. Sloping E. from the 

 Andean system, it is traversed by 

 the river Neuquen, an affluent of 

 the Rio Negro, and is almost 

 wholly mountainous. There are 

 several large lakes in the S. portion, 

 including Nahuel-Huapi (q.v.). On 

 the lowlands large numbers of 

 cattle, sheep, and horses are 

 reared. Chosmalal is the capital. 

 Area, 40,530 sq. m. Pop. 28,900. 



Neuralgia. Affection of the 

 nerves. It may be a manifestation 

 of a neurotic state, or due to 

 debility, anaemia, exposure to 

 cold, toxic influences, as in gout, 

 diabetes, lead poisoning, malaria, 

 etc., pressure on a nerve trunk from 

 a tumour, or to reflex action from 

 a source of irritation, such as a 

 decayed tooth. Women are more 

 often affected than men. An 

 attack may begin with sensations 

 of discomfort or tingling in the 

 part affected, but often the pain 

 comes on quite abruptly. It is 

 usually very severe, and is de- 

 scribed as stabbing, burning, or 

 darting in character. 



In the treatment of neuralgia 

 the general health should be built 

 up, and for anaemic or debilitated 



NEURITIS 



patients a change of air is often 

 necessary. Sufficient exercise in 

 the open air and a generous diet 

 are important. All sources of 

 peripheral irritation, such as de- 

 cayed teeth, should be looked for. 

 Warmth applied by hot- water bags 

 or heated layers of flannel to the 

 affected part often relieves painful 

 attacks. See Nervous System : 

 Sciatica ; Tic Douloureux. 



Neurasthenia. Term used 

 popularly to include all forms of 

 neurotic disorder or neuroses (q.v. ). 

 Physicians, however, now restrict 

 the term to one form of these dis- 

 orders belonging to the group of 

 the " actual " neuroses. Neuras- 

 thenia is essentially a form of 

 nerve exhaustion, and may result 

 from prolonged physical strain and 

 hardship, or may be the result of 

 long-continued overwork, especi- 

 ally if associated with business or 

 domestic worries. The most 

 characteristic symptom of neuras- 

 thenia is the extreme readiness 

 with which the individual is 

 fatigued by physical or mental 

 effort. Other symptoms are sleep- 

 lessness, constipation, and some- 

 times pain in the back and limbs, 

 irritability, and depression. The 

 best form of treatment is mental 

 and physical rest. In severe cases 

 the Weir-Mitchell system (q.v. ) 

 may be adopted. 



Neuritis. Inflammation of the 

 trunk of a nerve. It may be 

 localised in one nerve or may be 

 multiple. Localised neuritis is most 

 often due to exposure to cold, 

 injury of a nerve, or extension of 

 inflammation to a nerve from 

 adjacent inflamed tissue. The 

 symptoms are pain in the course 

 of a nerve, and perhaps slight 

 reddening and swelling of the 

 part affected. The functions of the 

 muscles supplied by the nerve are 

 impaired, and there may be some 

 loss of sensation in the skin to 

 which the nerve is distributed. 

 If the condition becomes chronic, 

 there is ultimately extreme wasting 

 of the muscles, with paralysis and 

 possibly contractions. 



Multiple neuritis may occur in 

 the course of infectious diseases 

 such as leprosy, diphtheria, and 

 smallpox, may be due to poison- 

 ing by alcohol, lead, arsenic, 

 mercury, and other substances, or 

 may arise in the course of beri- 

 beri. In acute multiple neuritis 

 there are constitutional symptoms, 

 such as rise of temperature and 

 headache, v/ith pains in the limbs. 

 Paralysis of the legs and arms 

 appears, with rapid wasting of the 

 muscles. Death may occur in the 

 acute form, but most cases recover, 

 though improvement may be 

 slow and the paralysis may con- 



