NEUSTADT 



Canal, 4 m. S.W. of Diisseldorf. 

 There are manufactures of ma- 

 chinery, textiles, hides, woollen, 

 and leather goods. Neuss has 

 Roman remains. The beautiful 

 church of S. Quirinus, founded in 

 1209, is a remarkable example of 

 the transition from the round to 

 the pointed style of architecture. 

 Pop. 30,000. See Camp. 



Neustadt. Town of Bavaria, 

 Germany. It is known as Neustadt- 

 an-der-Haardt to distinguish it 

 from other places 

 of the same name, 

 which means, in 

 English, new 

 town. It stands 

 beneath the 

 Haardt Mts., in 

 the Bavarian 

 NeustadC Bavaria, Palatinate, 14 m. 

 arms from Spires. The 



town hall was formerly a Jesuit 

 college. In the Middle Ages there 

 was an abbey here, and the abbey 

 church, a Gothic building of the 

 14th century, which still stands, 

 contains the remains of several of 

 the electors palatine. Neustadt 

 is the centre of a wine-producing 

 district, and has manufactures of 

 paper, cloth, and tobacco. It is 

 also a railway junction. On a hill 

 above are the ruins of a castle, once 

 a residence of the electors palatine, 

 and near is the Maxburg, a castle 

 built by the emperor Henry I.V. 

 Pop. 20,000. 



Another Neustadt is a town of 

 Silesia. It stands on the river 

 Prudnik. 60 m. from Breslau. It has 

 manufactures of textiles, leather, 

 beer, etc. ; also dye works. Pop. 

 18,900. Other places of this name 

 are hi West Prussia, 24 m. from 

 Danzig ; in Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 

 9 m. from Coburg ; and in Saxony, 

 20 m. from Dresden. 



Neu Strelitz. Town of Germany, 

 the capital of Mecklenburg-Stre- 

 litz. It is situated amid woods, be- 

 tween two lakes, 60 m. N.N.W. of 

 Berlin. It was built in 1733 in the 

 form of an eight-rayed star, in the 

 centre of which is the market place, 

 containing a bronze statue of the 

 grand duke George, erected in 

 1866. The palace, used until 1918 

 by the dukes, is built in the Doric 

 and Roman styles of architecture ; 

 it contains a library of over 100,000 

 vols., and a fine collection of 

 coins and antiquities. Chiefly an 

 agricultural centre, Neu Strelitz 

 has a trade in woollens, timber, 

 machinery, and iron, and is con- 

 nected by canal with the Havel and 

 the Elbe. Pop. 12,000. 



Neustria. Name given to a 

 Prankish kingdom which had an 

 independent existence in the ^th- 

 8th centuries. It was so called be- 

 cause at the time it was the newest 



Neuss, Prussia. West facade and 

 tower of the Church of S. Quirinus 



conquest of the Franks. It was the 

 western of two kingdoms, Aus- 

 trasia being the eastern one, and it 

 was, roughly speaking, bounded by 

 the Seine, the Loire, and Brittany. 

 After the union of the two king- 

 doms in the 8th century, the word 

 Neustria remained for some time 

 in use, but the district to which it 

 applied was never exactly defined. 



Neutitschein. Town and dist., 

 formerly in the Moravian prov. of 

 the Austrian empire, now known as 

 Jic'in Novy (q.v.). 



Neutrality. Term used in inter- 

 national law to denote the condi- 

 tion of a state when there is a war, 

 and that state is not at war with 

 either belligerent. It dates from 

 the 15th century. The duty of a 

 neutral, put generally, is to abstain 

 from taking any real part in the 

 war, on either side ; but there is 

 nothing to prevent a neutral from 

 doing something which will, even 

 inevitably must, strengthen one of 

 the belligerents. Thus, a neutral 

 must not, when a place is besieged, 

 introduce supplies into that place, 

 because that would be interfering 

 with a military operation ; but he 

 may carry on general commerce 

 with either or both the belligerent 

 states, even to the extent of sup- 

 plying them with munitions of war, 

 as the U.S.A. supplied the Allies 

 throughout the Great War. 



On the other hand, by long 

 usage, a belligerent has the right to 

 seize, on the high seas, any muni- 

 tions of war belonging to a neutral, 

 and to stop and search neutral 

 ships for that purpose. A neutral 

 ship which evades or*resists such 

 visits and search may be treated 

 as an enemy. A neutral ship which 

 tries to break a blockade is liable 

 to capture. A neutral state must 

 not allow belligerent ships of war 



NEUVE CHAPELLE 



to use its harbours except under 

 stress of weather, and then not to 

 replenish its armed stores. A 

 belligerent must not march its 

 troops into or through neutral 

 territory ; and if soldiers of a belli- 

 gerent, to escape capture, or even 

 by mistake, overstep the border of 

 a neutral state, the latter ought to 

 compel them to surrender, and to 

 intern them until the end of the 

 war, and such troops are bound to 

 surrender if called upon. In 1780 

 and 1800, during the naval wars, 

 the Baltic Powers proclaimed an 

 " armed neutrality." They set up 

 the doctrine of " free ships, free 

 goods " ; that is, that goods car- 

 ried in neutral ships, even contra- 

 band, should not be liable to cap- 

 ture ; thus incidentally destroying 

 the right of visit and search con- 

 tended for by Great Britain. The 

 Baltic ships were formed into con- 

 voys, protected by ships of war ; 

 but Great Britain carried her point ; 

 and visit and search is now recog- 

 nized as the law of the sea in time 

 of war. See Angary; Contra- 

 hand ; International Law. 



Bibliography. Studies in Inter- 

 national Law, T. E. Holland, 1898 ; 

 International Law, 2 vols., L. F. L. 

 Oppenheim, 2nd ed. 1912 ; Inter- 

 national Law, J. Westlake, 2nd ed. 

 1913; The Armed Neutralities of 

 1780 and 1800, J. B. Scott, 1918. 



Neuve Chapelle. Village of 

 France, in the dept. of Nord. It is 

 4 m. N. of La Bassee (q.v.) and 8 

 m. S.W. of Armentieres, lying 

 slightly south of the Armentieres- 

 Bethune road. It is at the junction 

 of several roads, one to La Bassee ; 

 in the south, and another from I 

 Bethune on the west to Armen- | 

 tieres on the N.E. Seized by the j 

 Germans in Oct., 1914, it was re- j 

 taken in that month by the Indian 

 corps. The British line was later 

 withdrawn west. It was the imme- 

 diate objective in the battle of that 

 name, March, 1915. The village 

 was practically destroyed in the 

 war. It has been " adopted " by 

 Blackpool. 



Neuve Chapelle, BATTLK OF. 

 Fought between the British and 

 the Germans, March 10-12, 1915. 

 In March, 1915, Sir John French 

 determined on an attack on the 

 German front, to prevent the dis- 

 patch of German reinforcements to 

 the eastern front, and to assist the 

 French at Arras. The point selec- 

 ted was Neuve Chapelle, a village 

 N. of La Bassee, taken by the 

 Germans in 1914. 



The battle as planned was to 

 consist of an assault on Neuve 

 Chapelle by the 4th corps (Rawlin- 

 son) on the N. and the Indian 

 corps (Willcocks) on the S., while 

 two holding attacks were simul- 

 taneously to be delivered, by the 



