NEWHAVEN 



5708 



NEW JERSEY 



the 19th century. Newhaven has a 

 good harbour, covering about 30 

 acres, and from here steamers go 

 regularly to 

 Dieppe and other 

 ports, carrying 

 both passengers 

 and goods. There 

 is also a coasting 

 trade, while ship- 

 building is an in- 

 dustry. Off the 

 Newhaven arms por t is O ne of the 

 best roadsteads of the S. coast. 



During the Great War Newhaven 

 Harbour was closed for civilian 

 traffic, and became a base whence 

 all kinds of war material were 

 sent to France, over 8,000 trans- 

 port vessels sailing from here. 

 Formerly known as Meeching, 

 Newhaven received its present 

 name when the harbour was begun 

 soon after 1710. It soon became a 

 prosperous port, and, after a 

 period of decay, revived in the 19th 

 century. Pop. 6,700. 



Newhaven. Seaport of Mid- 

 lothian, Scotland, since 1920 in- 

 cluded in the city of Edinburgh. 

 It stands on the S. side of the Firth 

 of Forth, 2 m. from Edinburgh, 

 with a station on the Cal. Rly. It 

 received its name from the harbour 

 built here about 1490. Fishing is 

 the principal industry. 



New Haven. City of Connecti- 

 cut, U.S.A., the co. seat of New 

 Haven co. The largest city and 

 chief seaport of the state, it stands 

 at the head of New Haven Bay, a 

 few miles from Long Island Sound, 

 70 m. N.E. of New York, on the New 

 York, New Haven and Hartford 

 Rly. One of the most picturesque 

 cities of the U.S.A., New Haven 

 is the seat of Yale University, 

 founded at Saybrook in 1700, and 

 transferred hither in 1716, and the 

 Hopkins Grammar School, founded 

 1660. East Rock Park covers 

 408 acres. 



The manufacturing interests are 

 important, the principal products 

 including hardware, ammunition 

 and firearms, iron and steel goods, 

 packed meats, rubber articles, 

 clocks, and cutlery. The city is a 

 busy distributing centre, and 

 carries on a large coasting trade. 

 A party of Puritans from London 

 settled here in 1638, and in 1665 

 the settlement was united with 

 Connecticut. New Haven was the 

 joint capital of the state from 1701 

 to 1873, and was chartered as a city 

 in 1784. Pop. 162,500. 



New Hebrides. Group of is- 

 lands in the Pacific Ocean. They 

 lie between Santa Cruz Islands on 

 the N. and the Loyalty Islands on 

 the S., the Fiji Islands being on the 

 E., and the Coral Sea on the W. 

 The parallel of 15 S. crosses them. 



The principal are Espiritu Santo, 

 Mallicolo, Epi, Efate or Sandwich, 

 Erromanga. Tanna, Aneityiim, and 

 Futuna, and all are administered 

 by British and French officials 

 under the Anglo-French Conven- 

 tion of 1906. Numbering about 30 

 islands and islets, mostly of volcanic 

 origin, 20 are inhabited. All are 

 wooded or covered with luxuriant 

 vegetation, and some are moun- 

 tainous with a moist, unhealthy 

 climate. They produce copra, 

 bananas, sago, rubber, tortoise- 

 shell, sandalwood, and coffee. The 

 importation and distillation of 

 spirits are" prohibited. There are 

 R.C. and Presbyterian missions on 

 the islands, and the trade is mostly 

 with Sydney and New Caledonia. 

 Discovered by Quiros in 1606, they 

 were visited and named by Captain 

 Cook in 1774. The total area is 

 about 5,000 sq. m., and the pop., 

 chiefly Melanesian, is estimated at 

 70,000, including some 250 British 

 and 400 French. 



New Iberia. City of Louisiana, 

 U.S.A., the capital of Iberia parish. 

 It stands on the Bayou Tec he, at 

 the head of its navigation, 130 m. 

 W. of New Orleans, and is served 

 by the New Iberia and Northern 

 and other rlys. Manufactures in- 

 clude foundry and machine-shop 

 products, wagons, soap, and sashes. 

 Sugar, cereals, and fruits are culti- 

 vated locally, and salt is also 

 obtained. New Iberia was organ- 

 ized in 1835 and became a city in 

 1839. Pop. 6,300. 



Newington. Name of a parish 

 of the met. bor. of Southwark, in 

 the co. of Surrey, and of several 

 other parishes in England. That 

 on the Thame, 9 m. S.E. of Oxford, 

 contains an ancient church, S. 

 Giles's, with a 14th century tomb. 

 Newington. Kent, 8 m. E. of Roch- 

 ester, also has an old church, S. 

 Mary's, a Decorated flint structure, 

 with lofty Perpendicular west 

 tower, brasses, and other monu- 

 ments. At South Newington, a 

 village 6 m. S.W. of Banbury, Ox- 

 fordshire, the church of S. Peter 

 contains some notable Norman, 

 Early English, and Perpendicular 

 work. See Southwark. 



Newington Butts. London 

 thoroughfare. Linking Kennington 

 Park Road with Newington Cause- 

 way, Southwark, S.E., it contains 

 the Metropolitan (Spurgeon's) 

 Tabernacle, built 1860-61, rebuilt 

 in 1898 ; the memorial clock-tower 

 and churchyard of S. Mary, Newing- 

 ton, a church demolished in 1876 ; 

 and the modernised Elephant 

 and Castle inn, once a coaching 

 rendezvous and now a tramway, 

 omnibus, and tube centre. Near 

 the inn Joanna Southcott (q. v. ) set 

 up a meeting-house The name 



Newington Butts is variously de- 

 rived from an old archery ground, 

 and from that of a family once 

 owning an estate here. 



New Ireland. Island of the 

 Bismarck Archipelago (q.v.). It is 

 separated from New Britain by 

 St. George's Channel. Long and 

 very narrow, it is mountainous in 

 the S. and level in the E. There ] 

 are extensive forests, but the 

 climate is unhealthy. The natives 

 are a low type of Melanesians. As 

 Neumecklenburg, it formed part 

 of a German protectorate until 

 1914; it has since been joined to 

 Australia by mandate. Area, 4,900 

 sq. m. See Papua. 



New Jersey. One of the states 

 of the U.S.A. With an area of 

 8,224 sq. m., of which 710 are 

 covered with water, it has a coast- 

 line on the Atlantic. The surface 

 in the N. is crossed by ridges and 

 mountains of the Appalachian 

 system, the centre is generally 

 level, and the S. slopes towards a 

 marshy coast, and is largely a pine- 

 wood region. The coast is " barred " 

 by shady islands, forming summer 

 resorts, separated from the main- 

 land by lagoons. The Delaware, 

 which marks the W. frontier, is the 

 principal river, and next in im- 

 portance are the Passaic and Rari- 

 tan. Agriculture and forestry are 

 followed, but the chief industry 

 is the manufacture of textiles ; 

 iron, zinc, granite, and limestone 

 are worked. Besides 3,640 m. of 

 steam and electric railways, there 

 are 175 m. of canal for transport. 

 Two senators and ten representa- 

 tives are sent to Congress. The 

 chief cities are Newark, Jersey City, 

 Paterson, Camden, and Hoboken, 

 and the capital is Trenton. 



The first settlers in New Jersey 

 were the Dutch, who arrived about 

 1620. They were followed by some 

 Swedes, but in 1658 the settle- 

 ments of the latter passed under 

 the rule of the former. During the 

 war between the English and 

 Dutch, the English took possession 

 of the district and the name of New 

 Jersey was given to it, because one 

 of those to whom the land was 

 granted by its new lord, James, 

 duke of York, was Sir George 

 Carteret, who had been governor 

 of Jersey. It then became a pro- 

 prietary colony, but there was a 

 good deal of trouble because of the 

 rival claims of the proprietors, and 

 it was divided into East and West 

 Jersey. In 1702 the two were 

 placed under the same governor 

 and united as a crown colony, and 

 so matters remained until the 

 outbreak of the War of Indepen- 

 dence, when New Jersey became 

 one of the original thirteen states. 

 Pop. 3,156,000. 



