NEW LONDON 



5709 



NEWMAN 



New London. City and port of 



entry of ( 'onm-H ii-nt. U.S.A., and 

 the co. seat of New London co. It 

 Mauds on the river Thames, :t in. 

 iihovc Loim Island Sound, 50 m. 

 K. of New Haven, and is served by 

 the Central Vermont and the New 

 York. New Haven and Hartford 

 rlys., and by steamers A favourite 

 summi-i ir-iort, and one of the best 

 harbours on the coast, it is a U.S. 

 naval station, fitted with construct- 

 ing and repairing establishments. 

 Silk. cotton ; woollen goods, and 

 machinery are manufactured, and 

 there arc shipbuilding yards, 

 foundries, machine shops, and en- 

 gine works. The whale and seal 

 fisheries were formerly important. 

 New London, originally called 

 Nameaug, was founded in 1646, 

 and became a city in 1784. Pop. 

 25,700. 



Newlyn. Watering-place on 

 Mount's Bay, 2 m. S.W. of Pen- 

 zance, Cornwall. Its situation has 



the Unitarians, he became pro-' 

 feMor in Manchester New College, 

 .in I in Is |t'> professor of Latin at 

 University 

 College, Lon- 

 don. He re- 

 Higned in 1869, 

 ind died Oct. 

 7, 1897. New- 

 man wrote 

 The Soul, 

 1849, and 

 Phases of 

 Faith, 1850 ; 

 also books on 

 philology and 

 a great variety of other subjects. 

 See Memoir and Letters of F. W 

 Newman, T. G. Sieveking, 1909. 



Newman, SIR GEORGE (b. 1870). 

 British medical man. Educated at 

 Edinburgh University and King's 

 College, London, he was senior 

 demonstrator of bacteriology and 

 infective diseases at King's College, 

 London, 1896-1900. He was then, 



F. W. Newman, 

 British author 



Elliott * fry 



Newlyn, Cornwall. The town and harbour from the south 



made it a resort of artists, but it is 

 also a fishing centre, with a good 

 harbour protected by huge granite 

 piers. Pilchards and mackerel are 

 caught. The church is dedicated to 

 S. Peter. Pop. 4,400. 



Newlyn School. Colony of 

 British artists formed about 1880 

 at Newlyn, Cornwall. The aim was 

 to encourage work in the open air, 

 the equable climate and grey atmo- 

 sphere of the place offering faci- 

 lities for study of the model in 

 diffused daylight. Walter Lang- 

 ley, Stanhope Forbes, and H. S. 

 Tuke are the best known of the 

 artist pioneers of the colony. 



Ncwma ; ns. Town of Lanark- 

 shire, Scotland. It stands on the 

 coalfield, 2 m. N.W. of Wishaw, 

 with a station on the Cal. Rly. 

 The chief occupations are in the 

 coal mines and the Coltness iron- 

 works. Pop. 2,800. 



Newman, FRANCIS WILLIAM 

 (1805-97). British author. Born 

 in London, June 27, 1805, a brother 

 of the future cardinal, he was edu- 

 cated at Worcester College, Oxford. 

 He became a fellow of Balliol, but 

 owing to his advanced religious 

 views he resigned in 1830, and for 

 some years taught at Bristol. In 

 1840, having been associated with 



in turn, lecturer on public health 

 at S. Bartholomew's Hospital, and 

 medical officer of Finsbury and 

 Bedfordshire before becoming chief 

 medical officer 

 of the board of 

 e ducatio n. 

 He was made 

 chief medical 

 officer of 

 the ministry 

 of healt h, 

 July, 1919. 

 Knighted i n 

 1911 he was Sir George Newman, 

 created Briti8n medical man 

 K.C.B.inl918. """ 



His published works include Bac- 

 teriology and the Public Health, 

 1904 ; Infant Mortality, 1906. 



Newman, JOHN HENRY (1801- 

 90). British theologian and car- 

 dinal. He was born in London, 

 Feb. 21, 1801, and educated at 

 Trinity College, Oxford, becoming 

 in 1822 a fellow of Oriel. Four 

 years later he was appointed tutor, 

 and in 1828 became vicar of S. 

 Mary's, Oxford, having been in the 

 meantime for a short period vice- 

 principal of S. Alban's Hall. Ht> 

 resigned his tutorship and went for 

 a tour in S Europe with Hurrell 

 Froude. He returned to England 



full of plans which resulted in what 

 u known M the Tractarian or 

 Oxford Movement. 



In 1833, in conjunction with 

 Hurrell Froude and other*, be 

 began the publication of the Tract* 



from a drawing 6y Lady Coltridg* 



for the Times. In the pulpit 

 of the university church Newman 

 was now preaching sermons which 

 attracted wide attention by their 

 literary perfection, dialectical skill, 

 and devotional tone, combined 

 with the evident sincerity and the 

 personal charm of the preacher. 

 He thus exercised an almost unique 

 influence on the younger thought 

 of Oxford, and indirectly on the 

 Church generally. In 1841 he pub- 

 lished Tract XC, in which he 

 argued that the 39 Articles were 

 capable of an interpretation very 

 different from the Protestant one 

 usually accepted. This roused a 

 storm of indignation, and in the 

 following year he retired to Little- 

 more, and resigned the living of 

 S. Mary's. 



In 1845 Newman was received 

 into the Roman Church, and went 

 a year later to Rome, where he was 

 ordained priest and made a D.D 

 Returning to England in 1847, he 

 settled at Edgbaston, where he 

 founded a congregation of the 

 Oratory. He established the Lon- 

 don Oratory in 1850, and in 1854 

 became rector of the R.C. uni- 

 versity at Dublin. During the fol- 

 lowing four years he published his 

 Idea of a University and his Lec- 

 tures on University Subjects. A 

 controversy with Charles Kingsley 

 resulted in his autobiographical 

 Apologia pro Vita Sua, 1864. In 

 1879 he was made cardinal. He 

 lived in retirement at Birmingham 

 until his death, Aug. 11, 1890 



Newman was recognized as one 

 of the most acute thinkers of his 

 day, and his literary style has 

 rarely been surpassed for beauty 

 and clarity. As a preacher he 



