NEWRY 



5715 



NEW SOUTH WALES 



Newry aims 



along the rivor, tannin? and fishing. 

 New ROM was probably built by 

 the English settlers, and waa a 

 corporate, town surrounded by 

 walls. It was besieged by Crom- 

 well, who destroyed the fortifica- 

 tions. Them was fighting here dur- 

 ing the rising of 1708. From 1574 

 to 1800 it was separately repre- 

 sented in the Irish parliament, and 

 from 1800-S, r > in the British. Ros- 

 bercon, which was once a separate 

 IP. had a monastery founded 

 about 1200. Old Rosa is a village 

 3$ m. away with rains of a castle. 

 Market days, Wed. and Sat. Pop. 

 5,800. 



Newry. Urban (list., market 

 town, and seaport of co. Down, 

 Ireland. It stands on the river 

 Newry, which has 

 been canalised to 

 afford access for 

 vessels from the 

 sea, 35 m. from 

 Belfast and 63 

 from Dublin. It 

 is served by the 

 G.N. of I. Rly., 

 and an electric 

 rly., while there is a line from here 

 to Greenore. The town has a 

 technical school. An important 

 port for the export of agricultural 

 produce and cattle, its other in- 

 dustries include brewing, distilling, 

 milling, and tanning, the spinning 

 of flax, and the manufacture of 

 tools, bricks, etc. The older part 

 of the town is separated by the 

 river from the newer part called 

 Bally bot. Newry grew up round an 

 abbey founded in 1175. It was 

 made a chartered town soon after 

 1600, and until 1800 sent two mem- 

 bers to the Irish parliament. From 

 1800 to 1918 it sent one to the 

 British parliament. Market days, 

 Tues., Thurs., Sat. Pop. 12,000. 



News. Something new in the 

 way of tidings or intelligence. The 

 term is generally applied to the 

 contents of a newspaper (q.v.). 



News Agency. Organization 

 for the regular supply of news to 

 newspapers. While the great 

 agencies supply all kinds of news, 

 some specialise in particular kinds 

 of news, e.g. sporting, military, 

 naval, shipping, etc. Notable 

 news agencies are Renter's, the 

 Press Association, and the Central 

 News, of London ; the Associated 

 Press of the U.S.A., the Agence 

 Havas of France, and the Wolff 

 Bureau of Germany. 



New Scotland Yard. Name 

 given to the headquarters, on the 

 Thames Embankment, of the 

 London Metropolitan Police. The 

 headquarters of the police were 

 removed from Whitehall to New 

 Scotland Yard in 1890. The build- 

 ing was designed by Richard 



Shaw (1831-1912) and in 

 considered to be his finest work. 

 See Metropolitan Police ; Police ; 

 Scotland Yard. 



News from Nowhere. Story 

 by William Morris, first published 

 in America, 1890, and in England, 

 1891, with the sub-title, An Epoch 

 of Rest, Being some Chapters from 

 a Utopian Romance. It was written 

 as a reply to Looking Backward 

 (q.v.), and presents socialism of a 

 i lilt.- 1 nt kind, showing it in prac- 

 tice some two or three centuries 

 hence. 



Newsholme, SIR ARTHUR (b. 

 1857). British physician. Gradu- 

 ating in medicine at the London 

 University in 1880, he specialised 

 in public health, and was medical 

 officer of health at Brighton and 

 Clapham. President of the society 

 of medical officers of health, 1900-1, 

 he became medical officer for the 

 local government board. He was 

 the author of many works on his 

 subject, and was on the council of 

 the imperial cancer research fund. 

 He was knighted in 1917. 



New Siberia. Name of three 

 groups of islands (Liakhov, Anjou, 

 De Long) in the Arctic Ocean, in the 

 Russian government of Yakutsk. 

 The largest is Kotelnoi (Kettle 

 Island). They are uninhabited, 

 containing vast beds of petrified 

 wood and fossilised mammoth 

 bones. Area, 9,650 sq. m. 



Newsletters. Term once 

 applied to private letters contain- 

 ing news, of which the London 

 letters in provincial and foreign 

 newspapers are a kind of survival. 

 Before printing was invented, 

 letters between friends and relat- 

 ives contained accounts of current 

 events ; sometimes they were 

 written by tutors or other retainers. 

 Then came professional writers of 

 news, who existed concurrently 

 with the newspapers of the 

 17th century, in the latter part of 

 which they supplanted the news- 

 papers as a result of the stringency 

 of the licensing system applied to 

 anything printed. These news- 



New Scotland Yard, London. Headquarters of the 

 Metropolitan Police, seen from the Victoria Embankment 



letters, as J. B. Williams points 

 out in hi* History of English Jour- 

 nalism (1908), are more valuable 

 source* of history than the printed 

 periodical* of tlx-ir time. An im- 

 portant example of the historical 

 value of newsletters of aa earlier 

 date is to be found in the Paston 

 letters (q.v.). See Journalism. 



News of the World. London 

 Sunday newspaper, founded Sept 

 29, 1843, by John Browne Bell. In 

 1890 it waa acquired by Lascelles 

 Carr and George Riddell, Emsley 

 Carr becoming editor in 1891. 



New South Wales. Oldest 

 state of the Australian Common- 

 wealth. It lies on the E. coast, 

 between Queens- 

 land and Vic- 

 toria. In 1788, 

 when British au- 

 thority waa first 

 exercised, the 

 name was applied 

 to the whole of 

 New South Wales the continent E. of 

 arm* meridian 135 E. 



Physically the dominant feature 

 is the main watershed, or divide, 

 which follows roughly the trend 

 of the coast 80 m. W. of it in the 

 N. and 40 m. W. in the S. ; this 

 divide, known by various names, 

 Snowy Range, Blue Mte., New 

 England Range, etc., separates 

 the short rivers which flow to the 

 E. coast from those which belong 

 to the system of the Murray- 

 Darling. The divide crosses the 

 great plateau, a plain once eroded 

 almost to base level and since up- 

 lifted and dissected, so that the 

 peaks are residual mountains. 



The process of erosion is, more- 

 over, continuous, and the coastal 

 rivers are still cutting down into 

 the plateau and forcing the water- 

 shed W.. so that it is now W. 

 of the highest peaks. E. of the 

 divide the coastal area is a plateau 

 carved by the rivers into valleys, 

 gorges, and scarps which present, 

 from the coast, a complicated 

 highland mass. W. of the divide 

 the plateau descends more gently 

 to the great plains 

 across w h i c h 

 the rivers, some- 

 times in heavy 

 Hood, sometimes a 

 mere trickle, or a 

 string of discon- 

 nected pools, ulti- 

 mately reach the 

 Murray. These 

 plains are almost 

 IcveL 



The main rivers 

 of the E. are the 

 Shoal haven. 

 Hunter, Manning, 

 and Clarence, in 

 all of which either 



