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NEW 

 SOUTH WALES 



English Miles 



New South Wales. Map of the oldest state of the Australian Commonwealth 



the main stream or tributaries 

 flow roughly parallel to the 

 coast to a lower course which flows 

 directly coaatwards, the whole 

 making a T-shaped or L-shaped 

 plan. On the W. the Murrum- 

 bidgee, Lachlan, and Darling 

 make wide sweeps across the 

 plains. The lakes are mountain 

 tarns, as Blue Lake near Kosciusko, 

 isolated basins like Lake George 

 N.E. of Canberra, valley lakes, 

 similar to Lake Bathurst, where a 

 side valley has been dammed with 

 alluvium, river-fed hollows like Lake 

 Menindee, which acts as a regulator 

 for the Darling, or coastal lagoons. 

 The climate is controlled by the 

 steady procession from W. to E. 

 of a succession of high pressure 

 areas. Between them frequently 

 blows the southerly " buster," a 

 cyclonic wind, which causes a fall 

 of temperature and is usually 

 accompanied by rain and often 

 attains a speed of 50 m.p.h. 

 Throughout most of the state the 

 rains are distributed uniformly 

 throughout the year ; in the N.E. 

 the summer, and in the S W. 

 the winter, is the rainy season. 

 Kangaroos, wombats, phalangers, 

 lyre birds, emus, and lorikeets are 

 characteristic animals. 



The plains are grass lands, inter- 

 spersed with mallee or mulga and 

 brigalow scrub ; the plateau, es- 

 pecially on the E., is forested with 

 wattles (acacias), eucalypts or 

 gum trees, which grow after being 

 cut and are ready for cutting again 

 after a few years, making an almost 

 inexhaustible store of timber. 



The aridity of the plains, 

 coupled with the ever present 

 possibility of a season of drought, 

 gives great point to the necessity 

 for water conservation ; tanks 

 and dams are made at every 

 station, artesian bores occur in the 

 N.W., the stock routes are pro- 

 vided with government-built tanks, 

 and the rivers are tapped. 



The minerals occur in definite 

 areas, in the N.E. tin, at Inverell ; 

 in the far W. silver lead, at Broken 

 HilL and opal, at White Cliffs; 

 in the centre of the plateau, coal, 

 at Newcastle and Bulli ; in the 

 centre copper, at Cobar ; and 

 in the centre and S.E., gold, at 

 Araluen, Cobar, and Bathurst. The 

 wet E. is devoted to lumbering 

 and dairy farming ; profitable 

 wheat farming is limited by the 

 rainfall to the area where the 

 fall lies between 20 and 30 ins. ; 

 the arid W. is devoted to sheep. 



Sugar-cane and tropical fruits near 

 the N.E. coast, vines in the Hunter 

 Valley, and near the middle course 

 of the Murray river, at Albury, are 

 specialised products. Communica- 

 tions depend almost solely on the 

 rlys. Pop. 2,096,393 more than a 

 third of whom live in Sydney. 



Government is dual. New South 

 Wales is controlled, in part, by the 

 Commonwealth Parliament, and 

 in part by the local parliament of 

 two houses the legislative council 

 of 21 members, and the legislative 

 assembly of 90 paid members. 

 Executive authority is vested 

 in a governor, assisted by a 

 lieutenant-governor, and a cabinet 

 of responsible ministers. Botany 

 Bay was discovered in 1770 by 

 Capt. Cook, the first convict fleet 

 arrived in 1788, and transporta- 

 tion was continued until 1850. See 

 Australia ; consult also New South 

 Wales, A. W. Jose, T. G. Taylor, 

 and W. G. Woolnough, 1912. 



New South Wales, BANK OF. 

 Institution founded in 1817. It has 

 over 300 branches in Australasia, 

 mainly in New South Wales, New 

 Zealand, and the Pacific islands. 

 Its head office is at Sydney, and its 

 London office at 28, Threadneedle 

 Street, E G 



